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Equatorial Guinea

Equatorial Guinea

The Republic of Equatorial Guinea is a country in Central Africa. It is one of the smallest countries in continental Africa, and comprises two regions: a Continental Region (Ro Muni); and an Insular Region containing Annobn island, Bioko island (formerly Fernando Po) where the capital of Malabo is situated, and several offshore islands like Corisco.

Country name:

  • conventional long form: Republic of Equatorial Guinea
  • conventional short form: Equatorial Guinea
  • local long form: Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial/Republique de Guinee equatoriale
  • local short form: Guinea Ecuatorial/Guinee equatoriale
  • former: Spanish Guinea

Nationality:

  • noun: Equatorial Guinean(s) or Equatoguinean(s)
  • adjective: Equatorial Guinean or Equatoguinean

Capital:

  • name: Malabo
  • geographic coordinates: 3 45 N, 8 47 E
  • time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Population:

  • 616,459 (July 2008 est.)

Population growth rate:

  • 2.732% (2008 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

  • 3.4% (2001 est.)

Ethnic groups:

  • Fang 85.7%
  • Bubi 6.5%
  • Mdowe 3.6%
  • Annobon 1.6%
  • Bujeba 1.1%
  • other 1.4%
  • (1994 census)

Religions:

  • nominally Christian and predominantly Roman Catholic
  • pagan practices

Languages:

  • Spanish 67.6% (official)
  • other 32.4% (includes French (official), Fang, Bubi)
  • (1994 census)

Literacy:

  • definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  • total population: 87%
  • male: 93.4%
  • female: 80.5% (2000 est.)

Government type:

  • republic

Location

  • Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Cameroon and Gabon

Area - comparative:

  • slightly smaller than Maryland

Climate:

  • tropical; always hot, humid

Natural resources:

  • petroleum
  • natural gas
  • timber
  • gold
  • bauxite
  • diamonds
  • tantalum
  • sand and gravel
  • clay

Economy - overview:

The discovery and exploitation of large oil reserves have contributed to dramatic economic growth in recent years. Forestry, farming, and fishing are also major components of GDP. Subsistence farming predominates. Although pre-independence Equatorial Guinea counted on cocoa production for hard currency earnings, the neglect of the rural economy under successive regimes has diminished potential for agriculture-led growth (the government has stated its intention to reinvest some oil revenue into agriculture). A number of aid programs sponsored by the World Bank and the IMF have been cut off since 1993, because of corruption and mismanagement. No longer eligible for concessional financing because of large oil revenues, the government has been trying to agree on a "shadow" fiscal management program with the World Bank and IMF. Government officials and their family members own most businesses. Undeveloped natural resources include titanium, iron ore, manganese, uranium, and alluvial gold. Growth remained strong in 2007, led by oil.

GDP - real growth rate:

  • 12.4% (2007 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

  • $28,200 (2007 est.

Background:

Equatorial Guinea gained independence in 1968 after 190 years of Spanish rule. This tiny country, composed of a mainland portion plus five inhabited islands, is one of the smallest on the African continent. President Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO has ruled the country since 1979 when he seized power in a coup. Although nominally a constitutional democracy since 1991, the 1996 and 2002 presidential elections - as well as the 1999 and 2004 legislative elections - were widely seen as flawed. The president exerts almost total control over the political system and has discouraged political opposition. Equatorial Guinea has experienced rapid economic growth due to the discovery of large offshore oil reserves, and in the last decade has become Sub-Saharan Africa's third largest oil exporter. Despite the country's economic windfall from oil production resulting in a massive increase in government revenue in recent years, there have been few improvements in the population's living standards.

Environment - current issues:

  • tap water is not potable
  • deforestation

For more info please contact:
African Studies
(310) 825-3686
africa@international.ucla.edu