Due to push and pull factors, millions of Chinese migrants fanned out into the Nanyang (Southeast Asia) from mid-1800s to late 1900s. These first-generation diasporic Chinese (GI) left China with sojourner mentality. Hence their early philanthropic action mirrored sojourners' mindsets and pointed their giving back to their hometowns in China, the motherland. They came down to the Nanyang as unskilled laborers (coolies), riding on the vast appetites for cheap labor demanded by colonialism of the Dutch, Portuguese, English, French and Americans.
After WWII, many countries in Southeast Asia decolonized to become independent nations. As diasporic Chinese and generations of their native-born descendants (G2, G3, and G4) eventually settled as locals into various places in Southeast Asia, new hybrid Chinese identities emerged. Their Confucian Chinese values were confronted and severely tested-very often remolded and evolved as their assimilated, acculturated, and converged with new social norms dictated by local indigenous cultures, and economic, social, and political circumstances of the times.
Confucian values-honoring the family name and continuing the ancestral lineage-behest multi-generations to stick together in strength. With self-help and mutual aid philanthropy, the diaspora thrived in the Nanyang. The economic success propelled diasporic Chinese into leadership of local communities. This new role as leaders in their adoptive lands turned their loyalties, generosity, and philanthropic action from their own ethnic communities or hometowns in China to their places of settlement. It shifted as new generations, locally born, begin to identify as nationals of these countries, and engender gratitude to where they built their wealth.
Eventually, generosity to hometowns in China by later generations pulled back or ceased. In philanthropy, the age-old values of family, ancestry, humility, and benevolence now give younger generations of ethnic Chinese pride and purpose to give outside of the traditional familial lines to create opportunities and transform lives in the communities where they work and live, including public good for the countries where they operate their business in Southeast Asia and beyond.
Marina was also the Founding Director of the Development Office at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. During her tenure from 2005-2014, $500 million of private support was raised, she made a deep and transformational impact on students, faculty, and the university through public support with the naming of: Wee Kim Wee School, Rajaratnam School, Lee Kong Chian School, Lien Ying Chow Drive, Tan Chin Tuan Lecture Theatre, Toh Kian Chui Annex, Margaret Lien Centre for Professional Success, and Sembcorp Marine Lab.
Marina Harper earned her PhD in Philanthropic Studies from the Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, Indiana University. Her research is focused on diasporic Chinese philanthropy.
WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
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Good evening and good morning in Asia.
Welcome to the UCLA Asia Pacific Center
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Global Chinese philanthropy research and
training program launch and our first GCP
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public lecture by Dr Marina Tan Harper.
My name is Min Zhou. I'm the professor of
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Sociology and Asian American studies,
Walter and Shirley Wang Endowed Chair
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in U.S-China Relations and Communications
and Director of the Asia Pacific Center.
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Before I start today's program, I would
like to say a few words about our Center.
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The UCLA Asia Pacific Center promotes greater
knowledge and understanding of Asia and the
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Pacific Pacific region on campus and in
the community. Through innovative research,
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teaching, public programs, and international
collaborations, we focus on integration and
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trans-Pacific connections from historical
comparative perspectives and encourage
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interdisciplinary work on cross-border and
supranational issues on language and culture,
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politics, economy and society, and sustainability
in the ongoing processes of globalization.
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Our Center runs the Taiwan Studies
program, the program on Central Asia,
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and the Global Chinese Philanthropy
Research and Training program. We
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are also working hard to raise funds to
rejuvenate our Hong Kong studies program.
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Today's event will be recorded. Please mute
yourself. If you have any questions, please
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write them down in the Q&A box we will address
some of them during the Q&A session. Now I'm
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pleased to officially launch the UCLA Asia Pacific
Center Global Chinese Philanthropy Research and
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Training Program. The GCP research and training
program is funded by the Cyrus Tang Foundation.
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It is built on the Global Chinese Philanthropy
Initiative where our Center has served as
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an academic partner since 2017 and is
supported by the Long Family Foundation.
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The current GCP program integrates network
building, and research training to bridge
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intellectual inquiry and professional practice
in the field of GCP. Global Chinese Philanthropy
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aims at fostering passion, interests,
and volunteerism stimulating Innovative
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research and sharing best practices. In GCP,
the program includes three main components:
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First is to maintain and expand our Global
Chinese Philanthropy research network. Second
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is to organize a quarterly public lecture series.
Today's lecture is our first public lecture in the
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series. The quarterly public lecture series will
connect scholars, professionals, and students
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to share scholarly work and best practices to
advance GCP research exchange, research ideas,
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and findings on the history, methodologies,
emerging frameworks, and comparative studies in
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the field of GCP. The third component is an annual
training workshop. The annual training workshop is
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designed for undergraduate and graduate students
with a primary focus on inspiring young minds,
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fostering passion and interests, and nurturing
the culture of philanthropy and civic engagement.
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Students are required to register. Online
registration is still open and will remain open
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until the end of January. Attend two quarterly
public lectures. So this one is our first one and
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we will have two more during the year. Participate
in a half-day training workshop. Complete written
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work and the written word may be written in
Chinese. A complete program assessment survey.
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So students who have completed all the
required work will be awarded a certificate
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of participation from the UCLA International
Institute. So I hope you can spread the word to
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your students and encourage them to participate
in our GCP program. It currently has eight
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institutional partners including the Chinese
Heritage Center at Nanyang Technological
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University Singapore, the Center for Social
and Policy Studies at the University of Raman
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in Malaysia, the College of International
Studies Academy of Overseas Chinese Studies
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at Jinan University China, the Center for Chinese
Entrepreneur Studies at Tsinghua University China,
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Center for Migration Studies at certain University
China, Contemporary China Research Cluster at the
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University of Hong Kong, Huaming Research Center
at Rikers University, and UC Irvine Long China
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Institute. We welcome other institutions in the
U.S., China, Asia, and other parts of the world
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to partner with us in promoting and developing
the feel of Global Chinese Philanthropy.
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Now our program's first quarterly lecture features
Dr. Maureen Tan Harper's talk. It is now my great
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pleasure to introduce Dr Marina Tan Harper.
Dr. Tan Harper is currently Senior Director
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for International Development at UC Davis. She has
customized giving platforms for alumni, parents,
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and friends at UC Davis to give from Asia,
Europe, Latin America, and Canada. Understanding
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local giving traditions, the propensity to give,
affinity connectedness, and readiness of varied
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constituents on the ground, she knows this is
not one-size-fits-all fundraising. Dr. Tan Harper
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was the founding Director of the Development
Office and Nanyang Technological University
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Singapore. I met her when I was at NTU Singapore
during that time during her tenure at NTU. From
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2005 and 2014, she raised 500 million Singapore
dollars from private support and made a deep and
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transformative impact on students, faculty, and
the university through philanthropy. Seeing the
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naming of NTU schools, streets, and buildings, you
can see who is giving and she would tell you that
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in her talk. Dr. Tan Harper receive her Ph.D.
in Philanthropic Studies from the Lily Family
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School of Philanthropy at Indiana University and
has done extensive research on diasporic Chinese
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philanthropy. Now without further ado, let's
welcome Dr. Marina Tan Harper. Dr. Harper, please.
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Well good afternoon and thank you to Professor
Min and the UCLA Pacific Center for inviting
00:10:05.220 --> 00:10:11.160
me to speak at this lecture. Hello everyone,
I appreciate your time and want to give you
00:10:12.120 --> 00:10:19.020
an outline of this hour that you're spending with
me. So I'm going to share the screen now to get
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to my PowerPoint. Okay, you see my...all right.
Now, okay hang on let me get to the... yeah all
00:10:33.180 --> 00:10:43.380
right you got that one and I'm going to hide
this panel. All right, so here is the outline.
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All right, so this talk extracts from my
Ph.D. dissertation at the Lily Family School
00:10:49.740 --> 00:10:56.580
of Philanthropy. Building on Chinese diaspora
research already existing, I filled gaps in their
00:10:56.580 --> 00:11:03.120
philanthropy. Today I'm pleased to first clarify
the philanthropic actions of diasporic Chinese in
00:11:03.120 --> 00:11:10.020
Southeast Asia, to contribute to an understanding
of how their charitable values philanthropy and
00:11:10.020 --> 00:11:15.960
traditions emerged and evolved, and three, how
they were transmitted to the next generations.
00:11:16.680 --> 00:11:24.120
To get started, I'll first set the geographic
context of a huge historical migration. Fanning
00:11:24.120 --> 00:11:31.980
out from China into the Nanyang from the mid-1800s
to the mid-1900s, why was there such a phenomenon
00:11:31.980 --> 00:11:38.280
pushing out from China? What was so tempting
that pulled them into the Nanyang? First, the
00:11:38.280 --> 00:11:45.240
push factors in Europe. The Industrial Revolution
expanded, seeking raw materials in new markets.
00:11:45.240 --> 00:11:53.640
Looking East Europeans saw a good-sized population
in China. two Opium Wars led by Britain in 1839
00:11:53.640 --> 00:12:01.320
and 1856 dumped massive quantities of opium into
China. Large sums of silver flowed out to pay for
00:12:01.320 --> 00:12:07.620
the Opium, emptying the Qing treasury. Chinese
citizens were heavily taxed to pay for Indemnity
00:12:07.620 --> 00:12:15.300
from these wars they resented. This led to a
series of internal revolutions. So inside China,
00:12:15.300 --> 00:12:20.820
there was no escape from famine, starvation,
and death because of rampant corruption,
00:12:20.820 --> 00:12:27.780
deceit, lawlessness, sky-high taxes, levees,
rapid population growth, and crowding out of
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arable land bringing on frequent floods, droughts,
famines, leading to mass pauperization for the
00:12:35.100 --> 00:12:42.000
peasantry while Imperial politics strangled
the emperor from inside the Forbidden City.
00:12:42.960 --> 00:12:49.260
By 1911, the Qing dynasty was overthrown.
The Last Emperor Puyi was abdicated by
00:12:49.260 --> 00:12:55.320
force. In 1912, the Republic of China was
established by Chiang Kai-shek and the KMT,
00:12:56.040 --> 00:13:03.000
but it did not end there. More turbulence and
more suffering continued. CCP was founded in
00:13:03.000 --> 00:13:09.720
1921 and Marxism spread in China leading to
conflict and civil war between CCP and KMT,
00:13:10.440 --> 00:13:19.080
weakening China. It was not until October 1st,
1949 that the CCP claimed victory under Chairman
00:13:19.080 --> 00:13:23.640
Mao Zedong and established the People's
Republic of China as the new government.
00:13:24.480 --> 00:13:29.220
These were the push factors but
for tens of millions of Chinese,
00:13:29.220 --> 00:13:37.740
there were also pull factors that made emigration
into Nanyang, a natural recourse. You will see
00:13:37.740 --> 00:13:44.040
from this map that Western colonization
was rampant in the Nanyang. For example,
00:13:44.700 --> 00:13:50.280
the British were in the Malayan States for rubber,
tin, pineapple, sugarcane, tea, and other cash
00:13:50.280 --> 00:13:58.500
crops. They were also in Burma, Myanmar today,
for rice and timber. Colonial masters of all these
00:13:58.500 --> 00:14:05.460
places needed cheap labor. I mean lots of cheap
labor. Singapore served as the major part through
00:14:05.460 --> 00:14:12.480
which the flow of indentured labor was distributed
to every part of Southeast Asia. The British also
00:14:12.480 --> 00:14:18.960
used Singapore for handling, sorting, storing,
and processing of commodities. These all factors
00:14:18.960 --> 00:14:26.640
combined with the push factors that I spoke of
just now, filled wave upon wave of immigrants from
00:14:26.640 --> 00:14:34.380
China into the Nanyang standing out as a diaspora
in southeast Asia and even across the whole world.
00:14:36.120 --> 00:14:43.320
So when these first-generation Chinese guys were
foreign what did they bring now? You have to
00:14:43.320 --> 00:14:50.340
think at this point, these are young men in their
teens and early 20s going on to the boats and the
00:14:50.340 --> 00:14:55.680
families are saying goodbye to them. And this
is the message from the families: go forth to
00:14:55.680 --> 00:15:02.040
the Nanyang, survive at all costs, make money,
and send money home to help the dire situation
00:15:02.040 --> 00:15:10.440
in China. And if possible, build a big fortune,
return home to your motherland to retire, and die.
00:15:11.040 --> 00:15:18.120
This was imprinted in their minds as they left
China. The second quote is from one of the
00:15:18.120 --> 00:15:24.660
children of G1. They came without the expectation
of staying forever and therefore still carried the
00:15:24.660 --> 00:15:30.360
loyalty of their root cultures. Our grandparents
just came here to earn the money and go home.
00:15:31.800 --> 00:15:37.740
They also brought with them a culture of
family reverence for ancestry, confusion,
00:15:37.740 --> 00:15:43.020
worldview, values traditions, and
rituals. So here are two quotes:
00:15:43.620 --> 00:15:49.320
"Having lived in Singapore, the whole of
my adult life, I'm a Singaporean but there
00:15:49.320 --> 00:15:56.160
will always be a part of me that belongs to
China. I feel pride when I think of my father
00:15:56.160 --> 00:16:01.500
and grandfather. They both care deeply
about the next generation's upbringing."
00:16:02.160 --> 00:16:10.140
This was the mentality and psyche of G1. So
naturally, when sojourner's philanthropy came
00:16:11.760 --> 00:16:15.900
through, they still had this thing that's
behind the mind that says one day, I'm going
00:16:15.900 --> 00:16:22.020
to be going home to my motherland. So they're
giving, naturally, is focused on giving back to
00:16:22.020 --> 00:16:30.360
China. It naturally flows back to the motherland.
There were also expectations of the generosity of
00:16:30.360 --> 00:16:35.220
those that they have left behind. You know they
are still fighting the tumultuous conditions
00:16:35.220 --> 00:16:43.080
in China. So really, G1 gave for the survival of
the extended family. That's how the philanthropy
00:16:43.080 --> 00:16:49.380
started and honor their own ancestry. They donated
to build structures for collective consumption
00:16:49.380 --> 00:16:56.340
back in China. Ancestral temples, community halls,
bridges, roads, village gates, parks, you name it.
00:16:58.260 --> 00:17:08.280
The next one is actually Tankakee and he gave
access to education for all. He built schools,
00:17:08.280 --> 00:17:14.580
staff, schools in home villages, and institutions
of learning like Xiamen University and TMA schools
00:17:14.580 --> 00:17:20.760
that were built by him. And he was a special
guy. He was also an activist for the education
00:17:20.760 --> 00:17:27.840
of girls. Now, as you know, girls never get to
go to school in those days but he compensated
00:17:27.840 --> 00:17:33.600
fathers to allow their daughters to go to school
when he visited the villages. And these fathers
00:17:33.600 --> 00:17:37.920
were up in arms, to say, well how can I let my
daughter go to school? Who is going to do the
00:17:37.920 --> 00:17:44.280
farming and the housework? And so he actually
paid the fathers and said go hire someone to do
00:17:44.280 --> 00:17:50.040
all that and let your daughters go to school.
So he was already an activist in those days.
00:17:51.360 --> 00:17:56.580
People like Lian Yang Chao and more funded the
rebuilding of whole cities from the ground up
00:17:56.580 --> 00:18:05.700
in the modernizing of China after 1978. And they
did all this with personal social responsibility.
00:18:07.260 --> 00:18:16.380
That is how a G1 thinks when he is doing
philanthropy. Now times changed, and from
00:18:16.380 --> 00:18:24.960
1949 to 78, China closed its doors. The G1 reality
began to shift. All right, they are now looking
00:18:24.960 --> 00:18:33.060
for ways to stay alive and survive outside of
China and they were re-evaluating options for not
00:18:33.060 --> 00:18:40.260
returning to China. So you see this is now...the
entire thing is turned upside down, right? And
00:18:40.260 --> 00:18:47.160
some were actually quite successful. Economic
success, business success. Everybody thrived at
00:18:47.160 --> 00:18:53.640
different levels of prosperity. Chinese men began
to intermarry with local Malaysian or Indonesian
00:18:53.640 --> 00:19:01.560
women and their children now the G2. These ethnic
Chinese are now being born in the new lands and
00:19:01.560 --> 00:19:07.020
these families were settling into the new nations
that were now being formed in Southeast Asia. Now,
00:19:07.020 --> 00:19:14.520
remember this: around this point of time in
the mid-1900s, nations were separated from
00:19:14.520 --> 00:19:21.240
their colonial masters and becoming new countries.
And actually, the old Nanyang that we kept saying
00:19:21.240 --> 00:19:28.020
Nanyang is becoming southeast Asia, and many
chose to become citizens of these new countries.
00:19:30.180 --> 00:19:36.480
They also started to shift their trust from
colonial government colonial masters to
00:19:36.480 --> 00:19:42.600
Chinese business leaders. They trusted them
to advocate on their behalf for education,
00:19:42.600 --> 00:19:47.700
healthcare, land use, social welfare,
and the economic share of the pie.
00:19:49.080 --> 00:19:55.500
So these are two quotes here that tell you what a
business community leader is supposed to do. He's
00:19:55.500 --> 00:20:05.940
also a philanthropist. G1 leaders were expected to
have personal moral values, volunteer, and donate;
00:20:07.080 --> 00:20:11.520
give back to their own kind if you are lucky
to make good and succeed with their wealth.
00:20:11.520 --> 00:20:17.700
This was the social norm of the times,
the social norm. Force these businessmen
00:20:17.700 --> 00:20:22.980
to become a philanthropist because it
was an expectation from their community.
00:20:24.360 --> 00:20:32.460
So more migrants are now still streaming from
China into Southeast Asia, this new lands. And
00:20:32.460 --> 00:20:38.580
you would see people coming off the boatloads
really tired. Some were almost dying after the
00:20:38.580 --> 00:20:46.020
traveling. The long-distance philanthropy was also
sparked by seeing this suffering. It caused people
00:20:46.020 --> 00:20:51.300
to start to give and they were giving to people
whom they don't even know, right? It's not from
00:20:51.300 --> 00:20:56.580
their own family, not from the same clan. Not in
not the same last name, you know, family name all
00:20:56.580 --> 00:21:06.000
different, but they were starting to give outside,
they're moving out, so this G2 says we are settled
00:21:06.000 --> 00:21:12.720
as Singaporeans. Philanthropy follows how I
identify myself. How does he identify himself?
00:21:12.720 --> 00:21:18.960
A Singaporean with Chinese heritage, right? You
see things are changing. It's no longer Chinese,
00:21:18.960 --> 00:21:24.600
he's a Singaporean with just Chinese
heritage. Therefore I give to Singapore.
00:21:24.600 --> 00:21:31.920
So that is how philanthropy was shifting. Now next
I'm going to give you an example of this campaign.
00:21:31.920 --> 00:21:39.660
To build Nanyang University was built as a
Chinese university in Singapore in the mid-1950s,
00:21:42.120 --> 00:21:46.560
thousands from all walks of life came and
participated in this collective giving,
00:21:46.560 --> 00:21:52.200
with gifts ranging from five dollars to five
million. By the way, 5 million is actually
00:21:52.200 --> 00:22:00.000
today's 61 million. Okay, so there was one guy.
Khan Lapsai is his name. He put five million down
00:22:00.000 --> 00:22:08.760
as the first biggest major gift for this exercise.
It was a very sophisticated fundraising setup with
00:22:08.760 --> 00:22:15.840
campaign leadership, committees, subcommittees,
events, rallies, and peer-to-peer giving.
00:22:15.840 --> 00:22:26.100
And the Hokkien Huay Kwan which was a dialect
clan. The Hokkien Clan gave 550 acres of land. And
00:22:26.100 --> 00:22:32.460
now in Singapore, it's a small country. 550 acres
is a lot of land. So I'm going to show you some
00:22:32.460 --> 00:22:39.180
photos from a book called A Pictorial History of
Nantah, published by the Chinese Heritage Center
00:22:39.180 --> 00:22:50.460
in Singapore. So here you would see that the
Association of Trisha and Rickshaw Owners. Here
00:22:50.460 --> 00:22:57.360
they have vowed to give up one day, two days,
or three days of their earnings to building
00:22:57.360 --> 00:23:03.840
this Nanyang University. They're donating to build
something that is completely outside the family,
00:23:03.840 --> 00:23:09.780
the clan, and everything right. And here
you see this: obviously, he's a well-to-do
00:23:09.780 --> 00:23:17.160
tycoon. He's taking a ride on this rickshaw and
he gets a receipt to say that he has donated to
00:23:17.160 --> 00:23:25.620
the Nanyang University Construction Project. So
you pay your rickshaw driver, but your payment,
00:23:25.620 --> 00:23:30.540
so they were paying more than it. Let's say
it was 20 cents to take the ride. He would
00:23:30.540 --> 00:23:35.460
have given a hundred dollars for this, right?
That was the fundraising. That was the level of
00:23:35.460 --> 00:23:41.520
sophistication. Now same for boat operators.
These little boats, ferry boats, would take
00:23:41.520 --> 00:23:46.620
people across the Singapore River or up and down
the Singapore River, whether it was for personal
00:23:46.620 --> 00:23:55.380
or for goods being transported up and down the
river. And here they have vowed to donate their
00:23:55.380 --> 00:24:00.720
earnings. Again, whether it's a day everybody
can sign up for different levels of commitment.
00:24:01.920 --> 00:24:06.060
Here, even the guy who sells fruits,
the food seller, and the fruit seller,
00:24:06.060 --> 00:24:11.040
they're all putting up signs to declare that
they are now in this fundraising campaign.
00:24:11.040 --> 00:24:19.380
The bar girls' small business. So this guy is
the medical shop owner. He sells herbs and TCM
00:24:20.520 --> 00:24:27.720
treatments. Here are the volleyball team and
the school choir. They are all participating in
00:24:27.720 --> 00:24:33.720
giving and philanthropy. Now, this is, as you
can see from the tire, these are the tycoons,
00:24:33.720 --> 00:24:41.700
this is the campaign leadership, and they
have organized themselves. You can see this is
00:24:48.540 --> 00:24:54.900
the Tiger Balm family you know today. Lien
Ying Chao, all these people came together.
00:24:55.740 --> 00:25:00.840
And here, at the very top, there is time outside
to do the groundbreaking. Since he put down five
00:25:00.840 --> 00:25:05.880
million, I guess he's the guy who is featured
and they were very sophisticated. You look at
00:25:05.880 --> 00:25:13.020
this photo, the guy in the middle. Here, he's
obviously a Caucasian. Now in 1950, Singapore
00:25:13.020 --> 00:25:19.620
was still a British colony so cheers, Lien Yang
Chao and Tanak sign, they were savvy enough to
00:25:19.620 --> 00:25:28.800
involve the colonial British colony leadership to
let them know you are doing this campaign. We're
00:25:28.800 --> 00:25:33.540
going to build a Chinese University. You're
not supporting but we're doing it. All right,
00:25:33.540 --> 00:25:39.720
here is construction is on the way. They go
check out the construction and here's the
00:25:39.720 --> 00:25:44.160
completion of the campaign and the completion
of the first building of the University.
00:25:45.420 --> 00:25:52.140
And here's the tower that celebrated the occasion.
All right, so much about that. I want to move on
00:25:52.140 --> 00:25:57.420
to the next part that talks about... During
my data analysis of the data collected,
00:25:57.420 --> 00:26:05.940
I was captured by interviewees describing an aura
that drives their philanthropic action. It was
00:26:05.940 --> 00:26:12.780
ancestry and here I share in verbatim two quotes
from interviewees who were clearly associating
00:26:12.780 --> 00:26:19.080
themselves with ancestry. So the first quote
is actually Mrs. Lien Chao, she's still alive.
00:26:19.920 --> 00:26:27.540
Mr. Lien has passed away and she talks about how
they were invited by the Chinese government during
00:26:27.540 --> 00:26:34.800
Deng Xiaoping's time, to the opening in 1978. And
there was only one entry point in China, which is
00:26:34.800 --> 00:26:43.500
certain they came off the trains in Sunton and she
said huge placards with huge bold Chinese words
00:26:43.500 --> 00:26:53.160
greeted us, "love the motherland of your birth."
Tears streamed down the cheeks of 72-year-old
00:26:53.160 --> 00:26:58.920
Lien Ying Chao. He cried despite not having been
back to China, since he left when he was 14 years
00:26:58.920 --> 00:27:07.680
old. That was almost six decades ago. These words
right to complete into his self and all kinds of
00:27:07.680 --> 00:27:15.960
emotions triggered the link to his ancestry and
his foundational identity. He had a mysterious and
00:27:15.960 --> 00:27:23.520
self-identifying commitment to China, a typical
G1 identity that informs their worldview and
00:27:23.520 --> 00:27:29.460
values. Now, the second incident is actually
my personal experience. I was working with
00:27:30.480 --> 00:27:38.220
University in Singapore here and a businessman
came in and wanted to do two scholarships,
00:27:38.220 --> 00:27:44.040
his donation for two scholarships to be named.
So I asked him, "Well you're so well known, is
00:27:44.040 --> 00:27:50.820
it to be named after yourself and your company?"
He says "No, no, never. I name it to honor my
00:27:50.820 --> 00:27:57.120
ancestors and my family name. One scholarship is
for my grandfather and the other is for my father.
00:27:57.900 --> 00:28:03.300
Perhaps my children will remember to honor me when
the time comes for them to give back to society,
00:28:04.200 --> 00:28:09.300
follow my footsteps in philanthropy, and
associate themselves with the good people
00:28:09.300 --> 00:28:19.320
in the ancestral line that came before them. So
you see how this is a G3. He's G3 and he's still
00:28:19.320 --> 00:28:27.960
remembering his grandfather and his father, and
then he also notes that is the ancestral line.
00:28:29.460 --> 00:28:34.860
Interview data also pointed to sources of
doing good and how these were transmitted
00:28:34.860 --> 00:28:39.780
and passed down to the next generations.
During the interview, my question,
00:28:39.780 --> 00:28:45.480
one of the questions that I asked everyone
was, "How did you learn how to do philanthropy?
00:28:46.200 --> 00:28:52.500
How did philanthropy in your family, how did it
get from one generation, how was it transmitted?"
00:28:53.220 --> 00:29:00.000
And I found that people were starting to tell me
that their home experiences, the home experiences,
00:29:00.000 --> 00:29:05.760
were so important to them. That's how they learned
philanthropy. And when I say home experiences,
00:29:05.760 --> 00:29:14.100
I'm talking about when they see their parents
showing respect, kindness, honesty, compassion,
00:29:14.100 --> 00:29:21.540
empathy, sympathy, and generosity, these were the
little traits that they learned from their parents
00:29:21.540 --> 00:29:28.800
that made them philanthropic when they became
adults and became rich. When I say respect,
00:29:28.800 --> 00:29:36.360
it means some... it's so simple. There was one
example where this little three-year-old child was
00:29:36.360 --> 00:29:41.940
screaming to be carried by the servant. In those
days, you use the word servants. Okay, because
00:29:41.940 --> 00:29:49.200
she didn't want to walk up the stairs, and the
father, the grandfather saw that and he chided and
00:29:49.200 --> 00:29:56.040
said put her down and let her walk up the stairs
herself because your servant is not there to carry
00:29:56.040 --> 00:30:03.480
you on the back and go up the stairs. Respect,
kindness and you don't have to be rich. Some of
00:30:03.480 --> 00:30:08.400
them remembered when their parents were actually
not that rich during those days. And they still
00:30:08.400 --> 00:30:15.180
give to the next-door neighbor who was worse off
than them. And these are things that the children
00:30:15.180 --> 00:30:20.160
learned. So that when one day, it was their turn
to become adults, they were... Philanthropy,
00:30:21.300 --> 00:30:28.140
rituals, traditions, religious influence, and
cultural traditions, these all contribute to them
00:30:28.140 --> 00:30:33.900
being the adult they will become. Some, a very
small percentage, like one percent, talked about
00:30:33.900 --> 00:30:40.860
their own personal morals they came from within.
These were convictions of social justice, what is
00:30:40.860 --> 00:30:49.680
right is right. My love for humanity. These were
the values that I saw when they spoke about how
00:30:49.680 --> 00:30:55.140
they learned about philanthropy. Now, although I
have put them into three little boxes like that,
00:30:56.100 --> 00:31:01.800
in reality, they're not okay. They were all
over the place and everybody had a value
00:31:01.800 --> 00:31:07.620
system and individual value system that was
forged by blending slices of all these white
00:31:07.620 --> 00:31:15.600
little words. Here, okay, they were all Blended
together and everyone had more than two. Two to
00:31:15.600 --> 00:31:25.260
four was the general amount of sources that one
has, and to form their value system that bends
00:31:25.260 --> 00:31:32.640
and twists with the social norms. So social norms
are also very important. It can change someone's
00:31:33.180 --> 00:31:42.120
way of looking at something or doing philanthropy.
I come to almost the end here. Here is really
00:31:42.120 --> 00:31:47.220
pulling it all together. This is the conceptual
framework of my research that summarizes the
00:31:47.220 --> 00:31:53.100
process and evolution of philanthropy just spoke
enough. Starting from the left are family and
00:31:53.100 --> 00:32:01.080
ancestry. It has four elements inside that swirl
and simmers, then simmers over time to prepare the
00:32:01.080 --> 00:32:08.220
foundation for philanthropy. And they are forging
a new identity. Number one. Number two was linking
00:32:08.220 --> 00:32:14.040
yourself with ancestry, which you saw from the
two quotes germinating philanthropic values.
00:32:14.040 --> 00:32:20.640
You see the last diagram. And the last was a
philanthropic impulse that sparked because you saw
00:32:20.640 --> 00:32:27.000
some suffering and the compassion and suffering
met and that was how it sparks the philanthropy.
00:32:27.000 --> 00:32:33.840
It could be something or you saw something that
was just social injustice and that can also spark
00:32:33.840 --> 00:32:40.920
philanthropy. So swirling and simmering, these
elements gave rise to G1's philanthropy. Right,
00:32:40.920 --> 00:32:47.160
you saw that just now G1 was really doing
philanthropy for survival, for self-help
00:32:47.160 --> 00:32:54.480
mutual aid, and loyalty to the motherland. Now G2
is in shaping philanthropy they were starting to
00:32:54.480 --> 00:33:02.280
give outside as nationals of the local communities
and the Nanta fundraising was a very good example
00:33:02.280 --> 00:33:10.560
that I just described, sustaining philanthropy is
G3. They now realize that enriching communities
00:33:11.340 --> 00:33:18.420
where they are is good and actually
has mutual benefits. And as G4, G5,
00:33:18.420 --> 00:33:24.780
G6, and after they go through this loop that
is in green arrows, they go back and forth
00:33:25.740 --> 00:33:33.120
shaping philanthropy by retooling and staying
relevant. Right, they keep reshaping and shaping
00:33:33.120 --> 00:33:42.060
and reshaping and sustaining philanthropy, but
they do it with an ear to how many to harmony
00:33:42.060 --> 00:33:48.780
and balance with the family and ancestry that
was the original core values. Even as younger
00:33:48.780 --> 00:33:55.440
generations adopt Western giving techniques like
family, office foundations governance measuring
00:33:55.440 --> 00:34:02.640
impact, and ROI, they still think about the core
values. Now, I'll give you an example. The Tanoto
00:34:02.640 --> 00:34:09.480
foundation and I share this quote from one of the
members, the family members of the foundation. She
00:34:09.480 --> 00:34:18.360
says there are five values that we have distilled
as our family values inspired by Confucian values.
00:34:19.020 --> 00:34:36.060
Number one is filial piety. Number two harmony.
Number three is diligence. Number four, Tien. This
00:34:36.060 --> 00:34:47.940
is frugal, gratitude, kindness, and benevolence.
The last virtue you can earn is very much what
00:34:47.940 --> 00:34:53.100
drives our philanthropy at the Theological
Foundation. We are grateful for all that has
00:34:53.100 --> 00:35:00.300
come our way. We share through philanthropy, as
a family, a glue that holds the family together.
00:35:02.340 --> 00:35:08.520
Instead of self-actualization, which is
personified as personal legacy in the west,
00:35:08.520 --> 00:35:16.500
it is actually ancestral actualization for Chinese
diaspora philanthropy. Where the psyche is,
00:35:17.160 --> 00:35:24.360
I'm a part of this forever chain of ancestral
DNA. My philanthropic purpose is fulfilled
00:35:24.360 --> 00:35:32.040
when it serves the honor of my ancestry.
And if you are still asking the question:
00:35:32.040 --> 00:35:39.660
What is the spirit of Chinese or what is the
essence of Chinese diaspora philanthropy? I show
00:35:39.660 --> 00:35:47.040
you this diagram. It explains it in kind of a very
quick way. Starts with the family, it goes out
00:35:47.040 --> 00:35:54.480
right here. The clan dialect group, the village,
the country, and the world globally. With that,
00:35:54.480 --> 00:36:00.720
I stop and pause here for questions. I'd like
to hear from you so we can chat and discuss.
00:36:03.240 --> 00:36:14.640
Wow, thank you so much, Marina. This is a very
touching movie and also analytically very rich
00:36:14.640 --> 00:36:25.860
talk and you trace the history back to more than
200 years of the Chinese diasporic community and
00:36:25.860 --> 00:36:36.540
also their giving tradition. And also, it's
very personally touching to me because I was
00:36:36.540 --> 00:36:44.940
in Singapore and I worked there and I used to
be directing the Chinese Heritage Center. So
00:36:44.940 --> 00:36:53.520
your example of Nanyang University, the Chinese
University is like oh my God this is something
00:36:53.520 --> 00:37:00.840
that I learned from Singapore. And I would
like to kind of continue to have that story
00:37:00.840 --> 00:37:09.780
told to the North American audience as well
as the Asian, Chinese, or East Asian audience.
00:37:10.740 --> 00:37:19.860
So yeah, this is great. Now, before I go on to
the questions, I would like to um promote one
00:37:19.860 --> 00:37:28.980
of the special issues that I guest-edited in
which Dr. Tan Harper has a wonderful paper on
00:37:28.980 --> 00:37:36.180
the topic. In that special issue, so that special
issue is on promoting research on global Chinese
00:37:36.180 --> 00:37:44.940
philanthropy that includes six wonderful papers.
So if any of you are interested in the special
00:37:44.940 --> 00:37:53.640
issue or in any of the papers send me an email and
I'll be happy to send you a copy of the papers.
00:37:55.200 --> 00:38:04.320
So that special issue was published in
China Non-profit Review, a journal that is
00:38:05.520 --> 00:38:12.540
published in English by The Institute of
Philanthropy at Tsinghua University China.
00:38:16.440 --> 00:38:28.740
Now, questions. So we have quite a few questions
in the chat but I have kind of a burning question
00:38:28.740 --> 00:38:40.800
for us. So your question, your category of
the G1/G2, and also your analytical framework,
00:38:40.800 --> 00:38:47.580
the theoretical framework, so to speak, that
you summarize at the end of your talk is very
00:38:47.580 --> 00:38:56.400
compelling and also very insightful in
shedding light on future research. Now,
00:38:56.400 --> 00:39:02.700
when you are thinking about the first generation
and then the second generation philanthropy,
00:39:04.860 --> 00:39:10.740
how would we... Because we are thinking of a
training program now and our program is really
00:39:10.740 --> 00:39:16.200
targeted at young people and nurtures their
young minds. So what do you think we should
00:39:17.700 --> 00:39:25.620
do to stimulate the interest and to foster
the passion of giving back to their community,
00:39:25.620 --> 00:39:34.680
both local and global community, and then drawing
on the tradition of global Chinese philanthropy.
00:39:36.780 --> 00:39:43.920
Okay so we're talking about modern people,
right? Yeah, modern people and also a lot of
00:39:43.920 --> 00:39:51.540
young people may not be from rich families. They
may not be from a family that has a very visible
00:39:51.540 --> 00:40:00.480
pattern of giving, right, but philanthropy
is everybody's right. It's for everybody and
00:40:00.480 --> 00:40:08.160
anybody could participate, even if you don't
have money. With passion, you could do it, so
00:40:08.160 --> 00:40:14.580
I go back to just now, I had a slide where I say
sources where I asked the question, "How did you
00:40:14.580 --> 00:40:22.440
learn philanthropy," right? And it was... I never
guessed that the answer would be like that but
00:40:22.440 --> 00:40:30.420
this is what the data is telling.That philanthropy
starts from home. It is something that you don't
00:40:30.420 --> 00:40:36.240
go and take a class and immediately suddenly learn
and became philanthropic. They saw what their
00:40:36.240 --> 00:40:42.840
parents were doing at home and it doesn't have to
be give money. We're talking about kindness. If
00:40:42.840 --> 00:40:49.980
you see kindness, that is philanthropy. If you
walk around showing kindness, being honest is
00:40:49.980 --> 00:40:58.560
also philanthropy because when you show compassion
and empathy and generous generosity of your time,
00:40:58.560 --> 00:41:06.720
respect when you show respect to someone, that
actually is the starting point of philanthropy. So
00:41:06.720 --> 00:41:16.500
I think if we talk about something that is larger
than yourself, the greater good, I think there's
00:41:16.500 --> 00:41:23.280
a Center for Greater Good at UC Berkeley.
Nurturing gratitude is also philanthropy.
00:41:24.240 --> 00:41:28.380
So you don't have to always give money, that's
philanthropy, but of course, in today's world,
00:41:28.380 --> 00:41:34.500
we measure it by how much you raise. And we
call that philanthropy, but in the true sense,
00:41:34.500 --> 00:41:40.920
philanthropy is the love for humanity, the love
for another person's love for something that's
00:41:40.920 --> 00:41:48.480
greater than yourself.Those are intrinsic, I
would say, building blocks of philanthropy,
00:41:49.740 --> 00:41:55.800
and convictions of social justice. If something is
right, if that person is being bullied, I got to
00:41:55.800 --> 00:42:01.560
do something about it. That is social justice.
That is because you love the other person.
00:42:01.560 --> 00:42:07.500
That is, you don't even know who that person
is, right, but you saw that person suffering
00:42:07.500 --> 00:42:15.600
and your compassion is activated. That is already
philanthropy. So a reaction to positively save
00:42:15.600 --> 00:42:21.540
someone from suffering, is like something like
disaster relief, right. You don't even know who
00:42:21.540 --> 00:42:27.360
those fellows are, but they're suffering. I'm
reaching out with my hands that is an act of
00:42:27.360 --> 00:42:33.720
philanthropy, and we should in our daily lives,
praise that, encourage that, and reinforce that.
00:42:33.720 --> 00:42:40.380
And then when the time comes, the time comes means
I'm kind of rich and have got a lot of dispensable
00:42:40.380 --> 00:42:47.940
income. It will be quite natural that I already
have built up. This capability and capacity to
00:42:47.940 --> 00:42:54.900
give of myself and the money will come out. Money
is the next level of reaching out. You know,
00:42:54.900 --> 00:43:03.660
like that, thank you so much, I love your life,
you know. Philanthropy means love for humanity.
00:43:03.660 --> 00:43:12.540
Yeah, it's so true. Now, I have a lot of other
questions but I want to give the audience a chance
00:43:12.540 --> 00:43:22.500
to ask questions. So there is a question on the
Q&A box by Professor Chun Ho Yao. Professor Yao
00:43:22.500 --> 00:43:31.380
is the director of the Chinese Heritage Center
at NTU and one of our Institutional Partners.
00:43:32.580 --> 00:43:38.820
Professor Yao, thank you so much for
participating. And so his question, I read
00:43:38.820 --> 00:43:47.160
out from the chat from the Q&A box. Thanks for
your fascinating historical account of diasporic
00:43:47.160 --> 00:43:55.140
Chinese philanthropy. Could you elaborate more
on how it has evolved into contemporary ERA
00:43:55.140 --> 00:44:02.880
with more indictment non-family-based and
enterprise-based philanthropy projects?
00:44:02.880 --> 00:44:13.140
Thank you. Okay, so just now I started to talk
about Tanoto Foundation a little bit, right? So
00:44:13.140 --> 00:44:20.460
the evolution is Mr. Tanoto actually was one of
the candidates who was going to come to Nanta.
00:44:20.460 --> 00:44:27.900
He's probably in his 70s going on 80s. Now, he
never made it to Nanta but he is one of these G1s
00:44:28.440 --> 00:44:37.440
who like loves China in the motherland and is full
of Confucian values. So when he made money and now
00:44:37.440 --> 00:44:43.680
it's his children and his maybe even grandchildren
who are starting to take care of the Tanoto
00:44:43.680 --> 00:44:51.660
foundation, and they still, of course, now are
very modern. They have family offices, and they
00:44:51.660 --> 00:44:59.520
hire UBS, and all these big banks to help them
to charter their modern techniques of how you
00:44:59.520 --> 00:45:06.660
distribute money, giving money is not a simple
thing. Okay, it's a lot of hard work, and how to
00:45:06.660 --> 00:45:12.000
do the research to find out what are the needs in
Indonesia, what are the needs in Southeast Asia,
00:45:12.000 --> 00:45:17.160
where I give, and how I make the greatest impact,
all this has to be researched and compiled. And
00:45:17.160 --> 00:45:22.560
the family comes together and of course, they
fight and quarrel because everybody wants to do
00:45:22.560 --> 00:45:28.920
a different thing, right, but the basis of their
thinking goes back to the values of family and
00:45:28.920 --> 00:45:37.560
ancestry and this is what I shared just now. So
the next generation or the next generations as
00:45:37.560 --> 00:45:43.920
they evolve, it doesn't matter what technique
you're using and what modern vehicles. Now,
00:45:43.920 --> 00:45:48.840
you've got impact investing and all kinds
of even cryptocurrencies all coming in,
00:45:48.840 --> 00:45:55.080
but the base thing is: Every year when they
come together, they talk about five values
00:45:55.080 --> 00:46:01.200
that are our family values and all of us in the
family must agree. And what are the five values?
00:46:01.200 --> 00:46:07.500
And these come from Confucian values despite
the fact that they are in the 21st century in
00:46:07.500 --> 00:46:14.280
the midst of all these new techniques of
philanthropy. Filial piety, they'll still
00:46:14.940 --> 00:46:26.820
have distilled that. This is one of the values
of my family. Harmony, okay. Diligence, right?
00:46:26.820 --> 00:46:33.000
Okay, don't forget when you're rich,
you still have to think frugally. Okay,
00:46:33.000 --> 00:46:40.620
because that is how you started, by being frugal.
That's how you got to this level of wealth and
00:46:40.620 --> 00:46:48.660
the last part is the most important part of
philanthropy. Because no matter how rich you got,
00:46:48.660 --> 00:46:55.560
a big foundation, everything you still got
to be grateful, kind, and benevolent. Because
00:46:56.220 --> 00:47:04.860
that was how all this wealth came your way, right.
So how do you as a family now distribute this
00:47:04.860 --> 00:47:11.400
money to people that are outside of the family?
I think it starts with going back to some values.
00:47:12.420 --> 00:47:16.980
If you're Chinese, probably you use these Chinese
values, but if you're Indian you probably have
00:47:16.980 --> 00:47:26.460
some Indian values from the traditions. Also, I
think the evolution, just now the question was the
00:47:26.460 --> 00:47:32.220
evolution, right, from the Chinese diaspora.
How do you get to the modern part? I think
00:47:32.220 --> 00:47:40.140
you go back to the basics. Of remembering the
basics, even as basic as honesty, and kindness,
00:47:41.520 --> 00:47:48.360
then you would be guided in the right
direction of doing philanthropy.
00:47:49.080 --> 00:47:56.640
Yeah, thank you actually your answer touched
upon the questions that the next two questions.
00:47:56.640 --> 00:48:06.600
So one question is like do the giving traditions
involve whole families and generations of them
00:48:06.600 --> 00:48:15.780
from G1 to G3 like a continuum. Or do the focuses
of philanthropy change from one generation to the
00:48:15.780 --> 00:48:22.740
next? So that's the next question, okay, but you
already touched upon some of them. Yeah, now here
00:48:22.740 --> 00:48:29.580
I wonder actually this question caused me to think
about this diagram here that I'm sharing. Now,
00:48:29.580 --> 00:48:36.780
I didn't show this in my talk just now, but this
was part of my... Uh oops, how do you go back?
00:48:38.040 --> 00:48:42.780
Let me see yeah so I'm gonna do
it from the current screen. Yeah,
00:48:42.780 --> 00:48:49.080
all right here you go now. You see this big
diagram of mine? It's actually Chineseness,
00:48:49.080 --> 00:48:56.400
right? Confucianism is like Chineseness. Oh
whoops, oh God, okay let's go back to this
00:48:56.400 --> 00:49:04.620
one. All right, and I want to go to current
slide mode. Yeah okay, so you would see that
00:49:06.000 --> 00:49:12.720
even among the Chinese diaspora, you got the G1,
G2, G3, G4, and G5, they're not all the same,
00:49:12.720 --> 00:49:18.000
okay? Because there is now a continuum
of Chineseness, a continuum of Confucian,
00:49:18.000 --> 00:49:24.480
you cannot say the G1 is the same as the
G5 Confucian. his level of Confucianism is
00:49:24.480 --> 00:49:30.540
different. G1 came from China. These were the
guys who had an attachment to the motherland
00:49:30.540 --> 00:49:40.920
and then G tier 2 is born in Southeast Asia
already, but he lived with G1. So he has a
00:49:40.920 --> 00:49:47.100
very close connection to G1 because every day he's
living with him he can see how he practices his
00:49:47.100 --> 00:49:54.180
Confucian values by the time G3 is also born.
Locally, he only knows G1 as a grandfather
00:49:54.960 --> 00:50:02.340
and at the same time, even if they have festivals
and stuff at home, he is now affected by other
00:50:02.340 --> 00:50:12.120
religions. He might already be a Christian, for
example, or he might have taken up a new secular
00:50:14.880 --> 00:50:22.320
trait. So as they go further and further.
Now, G4 is even further because he would
00:50:22.320 --> 00:50:27.600
have never seen his grandfather, right, and
then the closest guy is not somebody from
00:50:27.600 --> 00:50:34.980
China. By the time G5, these parts are gone so
they're becoming more and more secular, right.
00:50:35.880 --> 00:50:42.420
So maybe that's why, just now, I shared the
code with you. The fellow says I'm a Singaporean
00:50:43.080 --> 00:50:50.160
with a Chinese Heritage, right. He's no longer
Chinese, he's a Singaporean or we are Americans
00:50:50.160 --> 00:50:55.500
with only a little bit, a tinge, like a little
salt and pepper of Chinese Heritage. Now,
00:50:55.500 --> 00:51:00.540
how much salt and how much pepper? It
depends on also the family's upbringing,
00:51:00.540 --> 00:51:05.700
whether the family is very strict Confucianism
or it's very Westernized. Some families are
00:51:05.700 --> 00:51:12.000
so Westernized. They can't even write the
Chinese names right. So that is a continuum,
00:51:12.000 --> 00:51:18.540
a very wide continuum of Chineseness of
what is Confucianism inside a Chinese.
00:51:19.980 --> 00:51:26.220
Thank you, thank you so much. Now, you
already shed light on the Chineseness of
00:51:26.220 --> 00:51:31.080
Chinese philanthropy so the next question
is: Is Chinese philanthropy special
00:51:31.980 --> 00:51:36.240
and different from philanthropy
in a community among other groups?
00:51:36.240 --> 00:51:43.500
Now, that actually is a very good question
just now. When you talk about Chinese,
00:51:44.820 --> 00:51:51.660
global Chinese, or overseas Chinese philanthropy,
you emphasize the family values like these five
00:51:51.660 --> 00:52:02.280
values that are very Confucianism based and very
Chinese. Now, what about other groups who don't
00:52:02.280 --> 00:52:11.700
have Confucianism? So what would be the love for
humanity would be common, right? But what would be
00:52:13.380 --> 00:52:20.820
distinct about Chinese philanthropy vis-a-vis
other ethnic groups' philanthropy? Yeah,
00:52:20.820 --> 00:52:27.660
I can say that because I'm in the profession of
fundraising, so I do see a lot of donors, whether
00:52:27.660 --> 00:52:36.060
they are Chinese or not, I find that every human
actually doesn't have to be Chinese or if you just
00:52:36.060 --> 00:52:44.700
say generic human, every human, has the capacity
to feel compassion whether... So it starts with
00:52:44.700 --> 00:52:49.200
compassion, because don't even talk about the
money part because the money part is when you have
00:52:49.200 --> 00:52:54.000
money in your fingers but before you have money
in your fingers you must already be compassionate
00:52:54.000 --> 00:52:59.940
and want to help someone else. Or else no use
having all the money in your hands because if
00:52:59.940 --> 00:53:08.100
you cannot feel the compassion and the desire and
the compelling thing to help another person, even
00:53:08.100 --> 00:53:14.520
if you have a lot of money, you probably don't
give. No, so I think away from all these Chinese
00:53:14.520 --> 00:53:21.300
and whatever nationality kind of thing, the most
important thing is, I think, to have the ability,
00:53:21.300 --> 00:53:29.640
capability to feel empathy, compassion, kindness,
all that stuff must come in first and then you
00:53:29.640 --> 00:53:36.960
layer it upon whether you're Chinese or Indian,
all cultures have their own Traditions that cause
00:53:36.960 --> 00:53:45.240
you to give. For the Chinese, I think the most, to
me, the most special thing is this filial thing.
00:53:46.620 --> 00:53:51.780
That it's sometimes very hard to explain when
you say "xiaoshun" what does it really mean?
00:53:51.780 --> 00:53:58.260
What I mean you can do a dissertation on
failure, it is such a special character.
00:53:59.400 --> 00:54:06.300
Things like benevolence, and gratitude, a
lot of cultures have, but this filial thing,
00:54:06.840 --> 00:54:15.300
it's quite extraordinary. Yeah, yeah,
and also it depends on the context,
00:54:15.300 --> 00:54:21.840
right? In different national or cultural
contexts, one value could get activated or
00:54:21.840 --> 00:54:29.340
promoted uh whereas other values may not be as
promoted. Now in the interest of time, I would
00:54:29.340 --> 00:54:37.980
like to have Christopher Chung's question as our
last question, which is a very good question.
00:54:37.980 --> 00:54:42.360
Thank you for the excellent
talk. I would like to ask,
00:54:42.360 --> 00:54:50.100
is there a future for post-G1 Homeland
philanthropy directed to Mainland China,
00:54:50.100 --> 00:54:59.280
and if so how and what? I asked this as China
is now much richer and according to your talk,
00:54:59.280 --> 00:55:08.640
G2 is directed outside China so I think that
is a very good question when China is richer,
00:55:08.640 --> 00:55:18.840
what is the overseas Chinese philanthropy you know
giving to their Hometown giving to China about?
00:55:22.740 --> 00:55:29.520
In any country, whether it is China, or even how
rich you are, you always talk about young people
00:55:29.520 --> 00:55:35.940
who are getting richer and richer and richer,
but there are always pockets of people suffering
00:55:36.600 --> 00:55:43.920
even in Rich China. Today, there are if you want
to go and look at it and seriously go understand,
00:55:43.920 --> 00:55:50.700
there are still poor people, and there are
still people suffering from all kinds of levels.
00:55:51.600 --> 00:56:01.500
Whether it's social injustice, lack of money,
or food nutrition, there are areas to give in
00:56:01.500 --> 00:56:08.040
a rich country even in America, right.
So rich America, but there are people
00:56:09.000 --> 00:56:16.140
who don't have food security, don't have homes,
homelessness is rampant right, so I think
00:56:17.040 --> 00:56:23.880
if you could bring out those points about China,
in rich China where are the pockets that are
00:56:24.780 --> 00:56:30.240
still needing help and that's
what philanthropy is about. And
00:56:31.380 --> 00:56:38.640
elevating the suffering of people every
day, the whole life's entire family,
00:56:38.640 --> 00:56:46.020
or whatever is philanthropy find those
areas to talk about in China today.
00:56:47.700 --> 00:56:58.020
Well, excellent. With that, I thank you so
much for your fascinating talk. And thank you,
00:56:58.020 --> 00:57:05.100
everybody, in the audience for participating in
today's event. And today's event is organizing
00:57:05.100 --> 00:57:12.960
is organized by the Asia Pacific Center and
it's funded by the Cyrus Tank foundation for
00:57:12.960 --> 00:57:22.020
that we are very grateful for the support of
the foundation. And then talking about Global
00:57:22.020 --> 00:57:28.080
Chinese Philanthropy, the Cyrus Tank Foundation
is part of the Global Chinese Philanthropy,
00:57:29.100 --> 00:57:36.180
that's kind of our ecosystem. And our
Center organizes a range of public
00:57:36.180 --> 00:57:41.760
events, workshops, and International
conferences and this month we will have
00:57:43.260 --> 00:57:51.720
another event that is a Taiwan in the World
event on November 30th. So I hope you would
00:57:52.620 --> 00:58:01.260
zoom in for our November 30th event and which
talks about Taiwan's democracy and election.
00:58:03.600 --> 00:58:11.880
I would like you to join me to thank Marina
Tan Harper for her excellent talk. And then
00:58:11.880 --> 00:58:19.620
I would also like to thank our Center's
Deputy Director Mr. Aaron Miller and our
00:58:19.620 --> 00:58:25.680
graduate student assistant Lina Wang, and
our undergraduate student assistant Lillian
00:58:25.680 --> 00:58:31.980
Shen for their hard work and support behind
the scene. And thank you so much for coming!
00:58:33.540 --> 00:58:39.000
Good evening and good morning. Thank you, bye.