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Due to push and pull factors, millions of Chinese migrants fanned out into the Nanyang (Southeast Asia) from mid-1800s to late 1900s. These first-generation diasporic Chinese (GI) left China with sojourner mentality. Hence their early philanthropic action mirrored sojourners' mindsets and pointed their giving back to their hometowns in China, the motherland. They came down to the Nanyang as unskilled laborers (coolies), riding on the vast appetites for cheap labor demanded by colonialism of the Dutch, Portuguese, English, French and Americans.

After WWII, many countries in Southeast Asia decolonized to become independent nations. As diasporic Chinese and generations of their native-born descendants (G2, G3, and G4) eventually settled as locals into various places in Southeast Asia, new hybrid Chinese identities emerged. Their Confucian Chinese values were confronted and severely tested-very often remolded and evolved as their assimilated, acculturated, and converged with new social norms dictated by local indigenous cultures, and economic, social, and political circumstances of the times. 

Confucian values-honoring the family name and continuing the ancestral lineage-behest multi-generations to stick together in strength. With self-help and mutual aid philanthropy, the diaspora thrived in the Nanyang. The economic success propelled diasporic Chinese into leadership of local communities. This new role as leaders in their adoptive lands turned their loyalties, generosity, and philanthropic action from their own ethnic communities or hometowns in China to their places of settlement. It shifted as new generations, locally born, begin to identify as nationals of these countries, and engender gratitude to where they built their wealth. 

Eventually, generosity to hometowns in China by later generations pulled back or ceased. In philanthropy, the age-old values of family, ancestry, humility, and benevolence now give younger generations of ethnic Chinese pride and purpose to give outside of the traditional familial lines to create opportunities and transform lives in the communities where they work and live, including public good for the countries where they operate their business in Southeast Asia and beyond.

Marina Tan Harper has been Senior Director for International Development at UC Davis since 2016. In this role, she has customized giving platforms for alumni, parents, and friends of UC Davis to give from abroad: Asia, Europe, Latin America, and Canada. Understanding local giving traditions, propensity to give, affinity, connectedness, and readiness of varied constituents on the ground, she knows this is not one-size-fits fundraising. 

Marina was also the Founding Director of the Development Office at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. During her tenure from 2005-2014, $500 million of private support was raised, she made a deep and transformational impact on students, faculty, and the university through public support with the naming of: Wee Kim Wee School, Rajaratnam School, Lee Kong Chian School, Lien Ying Chow Drive, Tan Chin Tuan Lecture Theatre, Toh Kian Chui Annex, Margaret Lien Centre for Professional Success, and Sembcorp Marine Lab. 

Marina Harper earned her PhD in Philanthropic Studies from the Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, Indiana University. Her research is focused on diasporic Chinese philanthropy. 

This free public lecture is part of the Global Chinese Philanthropy Research and Training Program and made possible with the support of the Cyrus Tang Foundation.

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WEBVTT

Kind: captions

Language: en

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Good evening and good morning in Asia. 

Welcome to the UCLA Asia Pacific Center  

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Global Chinese philanthropy research and 

training program launch and our first GCP  

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public lecture by Dr Marina Tan Harper. 

My name is Min Zhou. I'm the professor of  

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Sociology and Asian American studies, 

Walter and Shirley Wang Endowed Chair  

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in U.S-China Relations and Communications 

and Director of the Asia Pacific Center.

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Before I start today's program, I would 

like to say a few words about our Center.

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The UCLA Asia Pacific Center promotes greater 

knowledge and understanding of Asia and the  

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Pacific Pacific region on campus and in 

the community. Through innovative research,  

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teaching, public programs, and international 

collaborations, we focus on integration and  

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trans-Pacific connections from historical 

comparative perspectives and encourage  

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interdisciplinary work on cross-border and 

supranational issues on language and culture,  

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politics, economy and society, and sustainability 

in the ongoing processes of globalization.  

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Our Center runs the Taiwan Studies 

program, the program on Central Asia,  

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and the Global Chinese Philanthropy 

Research and Training program. We  

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are also working hard to raise funds to 

rejuvenate our Hong Kong studies program.

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Today's event will be recorded. Please mute 

yourself. If you have any questions, please  

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write them down in the Q&A box we will address 

some of them during the Q&A session. Now I'm  

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pleased to officially launch the UCLA Asia Pacific 

Center Global Chinese Philanthropy Research and  

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Training Program. The GCP research and training 

program is funded by the Cyrus Tang Foundation.  

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It is built on the Global Chinese Philanthropy 

Initiative where our Center has served as  

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an academic partner since 2017 and is 

supported by the Long Family Foundation.  

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The current GCP program integrates network 

building, and research training to bridge  

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intellectual inquiry and professional practice 

in the field of GCP. Global Chinese Philanthropy  

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aims at fostering passion, interests, 

and volunteerism stimulating Innovative  

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research and sharing best practices. In GCP, 

the program includes three main components:  

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First is to maintain and expand our Global 

Chinese Philanthropy research network. Second  

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is to organize a quarterly public lecture series. 

Today's lecture is our first public lecture in the  

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series. The quarterly public lecture series will 

connect scholars, professionals, and students  

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to share scholarly work and best practices to 

advance GCP research exchange, research ideas,  

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and findings on the history, methodologies, 

emerging frameworks, and comparative studies in  

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the field of GCP. The third component is an annual 

training workshop. The annual training workshop is  

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designed for undergraduate and graduate students 

with a primary focus on inspiring young minds,  

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fostering passion and interests, and nurturing 

the culture of philanthropy and civic engagement.

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Students are required to register. Online 

registration is still open and will remain open  

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until the end of January. Attend two quarterly 

public lectures. So this one is our first one and  

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we will have two more during the year. Participate 

in a half-day training workshop. Complete written  

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work and the written word may be written in 

Chinese. A complete program assessment survey.  

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So students who have completed all the 

required work will be awarded a certificate  

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of participation from the UCLA International 

Institute. So I hope you can spread the word to  

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your students and encourage them to participate 

in our GCP program. It currently has eight  

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institutional partners including the Chinese 

Heritage Center at Nanyang Technological  

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University Singapore, the Center for Social 

and Policy Studies at the University of Raman  

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in Malaysia, the College of International 

Studies Academy of Overseas Chinese Studies  

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at Jinan University China, the Center for Chinese 

Entrepreneur Studies at Tsinghua University China,  

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Center for Migration Studies at certain University 

China, Contemporary China Research Cluster at the  

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University of Hong Kong, Huaming Research Center 

at Rikers University, and UC Irvine Long China  

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Institute. We welcome other institutions in the 

U.S., China, Asia, and other parts of the world  

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to partner with us in promoting and developing 

the feel of Global Chinese Philanthropy.

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Now our program's first quarterly lecture features 

Dr. Maureen Tan Harper's talk. It is now my great  

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pleasure to introduce Dr Marina Tan Harper. 

Dr. Tan Harper is currently Senior Director  

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for International Development at UC Davis. She has 

customized giving platforms for alumni, parents,  

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and friends at UC Davis to give from Asia, 

Europe, Latin America, and Canada. Understanding  

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local giving traditions, the propensity to give, 

affinity connectedness, and readiness of varied  

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constituents on the ground, she knows this is 

not one-size-fits-all fundraising. Dr. Tan Harper  

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was the founding Director of the Development 

Office and Nanyang Technological University  

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Singapore. I met her when I was at NTU Singapore 

during that time during her tenure at NTU. From  

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2005 and 2014, she raised 500 million Singapore 

dollars from private support and made a deep and  

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transformative impact on students, faculty, and 

the university through philanthropy. Seeing the  

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naming of NTU schools, streets, and buildings, you 

can see who is giving and she would tell you that  

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in her talk. Dr. Tan Harper receive her Ph.D. 

in Philanthropic Studies from the Lily Family  

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School of Philanthropy at Indiana University and 

has done extensive research on diasporic Chinese  

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philanthropy. Now without further ado, let's 

welcome Dr. Marina Tan Harper. Dr. Harper, please.

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Well good afternoon and thank you to Professor 

Min and the UCLA Pacific Center for inviting  

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me to speak at this lecture. Hello everyone, 

I appreciate your time and want to give you  

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an outline of this hour that you're spending with 

me. So I'm going to share the screen now to get  

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to my PowerPoint. Okay, you see my...all right. 

Now, okay hang on let me get to the... yeah all  

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right you got that one and I'm going to hide 

this panel. All right, so here is the outline.  

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All right, so this talk extracts from my 

Ph.D. dissertation at the Lily Family School  

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of Philanthropy. Building on Chinese diaspora 

research already existing, I filled gaps in their  

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philanthropy. Today I'm pleased to first clarify 

the philanthropic actions of diasporic Chinese in  

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Southeast Asia, to contribute to an understanding 

of how their charitable values philanthropy and  

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traditions emerged and evolved, and three, how 

they were transmitted to the next generations.  

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To get started, I'll first set the geographic 

context of a huge historical migration. Fanning  

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out from China into the Nanyang from the mid-1800s 

to the mid-1900s, why was there such a phenomenon  

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pushing out from China? What was so tempting 

that pulled them into the Nanyang? First, the  

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push factors in Europe. The Industrial Revolution 

expanded, seeking raw materials in new markets.  

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Looking East Europeans saw a good-sized population 

in China. two Opium Wars led by Britain in 1839  

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and 1856 dumped massive quantities of opium into 

China. Large sums of silver flowed out to pay for  

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the Opium, emptying the Qing treasury. Chinese 

citizens were heavily taxed to pay for Indemnity  

00:12:07.620 --> 00:12:15.300

from these wars they resented. This led to a 

series of internal revolutions. So inside China,  

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there was no escape from famine, starvation, 

and death because of rampant corruption,  

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deceit, lawlessness, sky-high taxes, levees, 

rapid population growth, and crowding out of  

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arable land bringing on frequent floods, droughts, 

famines, leading to mass pauperization for the  

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peasantry while Imperial politics strangled 

the emperor from inside the Forbidden City.  

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By 1911, the Qing dynasty was overthrown. 

The Last Emperor Puyi was abdicated by  

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force. In 1912, the Republic of China was 

established by Chiang Kai-shek and the KMT,  

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but it did not end there. More turbulence and 

more suffering continued. CCP was founded in  

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1921 and Marxism spread in China leading to 

conflict and civil war between CCP and KMT,  

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weakening China. It was not until October 1st, 

1949 that the CCP claimed victory under Chairman  

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Mao Zedong and established the People's 

Republic of China as the new government.  

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These were the push factors but 

for tens of millions of Chinese,  

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there were also pull factors that made emigration 

into Nanyang, a natural recourse. You will see  

00:13:37.740 --> 00:13:44.040

from this map that Western colonization 

was rampant in the Nanyang. For example,  

00:13:44.700 --> 00:13:50.280

the British were in the Malayan States for rubber, 

tin, pineapple, sugarcane, tea, and other cash  

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crops. They were also in Burma, Myanmar today, 

for rice and timber. Colonial masters of all these  

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places needed cheap labor. I mean lots of cheap 

labor. Singapore served as the major part through  

00:14:05.460 --> 00:14:12.480

which the flow of indentured labor was distributed 

to every part of Southeast Asia. The British also  

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used Singapore for handling, sorting, storing, 

and processing of commodities. These all factors  

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combined with the push factors that I spoke of 

just now, filled wave upon wave of immigrants from  

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China into the Nanyang standing out as a diaspora 

in southeast Asia and even across the whole world.  

00:14:36.120 --> 00:14:43.320

So when these first-generation Chinese guys were 

foreign what did they bring now? You have to  

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think at this point, these are young men in their 

teens and early 20s going on to the boats and the  

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families are saying goodbye to them. And this 

is the message from the families: go forth to  

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the Nanyang, survive at all costs, make money, 

and send money home to help the dire situation  

00:15:02.040 --> 00:15:10.440

in China. And if possible, build a big fortune, 

return home to your motherland to retire, and die.  

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This was imprinted in their minds as they left 

China. The second quote is from one of the  

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children of G1. They came without the expectation 

of staying forever and therefore still carried the  

00:15:24.660 --> 00:15:30.360

loyalty of their root cultures. Our grandparents 

just came here to earn the money and go home.  

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They also brought with them a culture of 

family reverence for ancestry, confusion,  

00:15:37.740 --> 00:15:43.020

worldview, values traditions, and 

rituals. So here are two quotes:  

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"Having lived in Singapore, the whole of 

my adult life, I'm a Singaporean but there  

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will always be a part of me that belongs to 

China. I feel pride when I think of my father  

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and grandfather. They both care deeply 

about the next generation's upbringing."  

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This was the mentality and psyche of G1. So 

naturally, when sojourner's philanthropy came  

00:16:11.760 --> 00:16:15.900

through, they still had this thing that's 

behind the mind that says one day, I'm going  

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to be going home to my motherland. So they're 

giving, naturally, is focused on giving back to  

00:16:22.020 --> 00:16:30.360

China. It naturally flows back to the motherland. 

There were also expectations of the generosity of  

00:16:30.360 --> 00:16:35.220

those that they have left behind. You know they 

are still fighting the tumultuous conditions  

00:16:35.220 --> 00:16:43.080

in China. So really, G1 gave for the survival of 

the extended family. That's how the philanthropy  

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started and honor their own ancestry. They donated 

to build structures for collective consumption  

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back in China. Ancestral temples, community halls, 

bridges, roads, village gates, parks, you name it.  

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The next one is actually Tankakee and he gave 

access to education for all. He built schools,  

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staff, schools in home villages, and institutions 

of learning like Xiamen University and TMA schools  

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that were built by him. And he was a special 

guy. He was also an activist for the education  

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of girls. Now, as you know, girls never get to 

go to school in those days but he compensated  

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fathers to allow their daughters to go to school 

when he visited the villages. And these fathers  

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were up in arms, to say, well how can I let my 

daughter go to school? Who is going to do the  

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farming and the housework? And so he actually 

paid the fathers and said go hire someone to do  

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all that and let your daughters go to school. 

So he was already an activist in those days.  

00:17:51.360 --> 00:17:56.580

People like Lian Yang Chao and more funded the 

rebuilding of whole cities from the ground up  

00:17:56.580 --> 00:18:05.700

in the modernizing of China after 1978. And they 

did all this with personal social responsibility.  

00:18:07.260 --> 00:18:16.380

That is how a G1 thinks when he is doing 

philanthropy. Now times changed, and from  

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1949 to 78, China closed its doors. The G1 reality 

began to shift. All right, they are now looking  

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for ways to stay alive and survive outside of 

China and they were re-evaluating options for not  

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returning to China. So you see this is now...the 

entire thing is turned upside down, right? And  

00:18:40.260 --> 00:18:47.160

some were actually quite successful. Economic 

success, business success. Everybody thrived at  

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different levels of prosperity. Chinese men began 

to intermarry with local Malaysian or Indonesian  

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women and their children now the G2. These ethnic 

Chinese are now being born in the new lands and  

00:19:01.560 --> 00:19:07.020

these families were settling into the new nations 

that were now being formed in Southeast Asia. Now,  

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remember this: around this point of time in 

the mid-1900s, nations were separated from  

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their colonial masters and becoming new countries. 

And actually, the old Nanyang that we kept saying  

00:19:21.240 --> 00:19:28.020

Nanyang is becoming southeast Asia, and many 

chose to become citizens of these new countries.

 

00:19:30.180 --> 00:19:36.480

They also started to shift their trust from 

colonial government colonial masters to  

00:19:36.480 --> 00:19:42.600

Chinese business leaders. They trusted them 

to advocate on their behalf for education,  

00:19:42.600 --> 00:19:47.700

healthcare, land use, social welfare, 

and the economic share of the pie.  

00:19:49.080 --> 00:19:55.500

So these are two quotes here that tell you what a 

business community leader is supposed to do. He's  

00:19:55.500 --> 00:20:05.940

also a philanthropist. G1 leaders were expected to 

have personal moral values, volunteer, and donate;  

00:20:07.080 --> 00:20:11.520

give back to their own kind if you are lucky 

to make good and succeed with their wealth.  

00:20:11.520 --> 00:20:17.700

This was the social norm of the times, 

the social norm. Force these businessmen  

00:20:17.700 --> 00:20:22.980

to become a philanthropist because it 

was an expectation from their community.  

00:20:24.360 --> 00:20:32.460

So more migrants are now still streaming from 

China into Southeast Asia, this new lands. And  

00:20:32.460 --> 00:20:38.580

you would see people coming off the boatloads 

really tired. Some were almost dying after the  

00:20:38.580 --> 00:20:46.020

traveling. The long-distance philanthropy was also 

sparked by seeing this suffering. It caused people  

00:20:46.020 --> 00:20:51.300

to start to give and they were giving to people 

whom they don't even know, right? It's not from  

00:20:51.300 --> 00:20:56.580

their own family, not from the same clan. Not in 

not the same last name, you know, family name all  

00:20:56.580 --> 00:21:06.000

different, but they were starting to give outside, 

they're moving out, so this G2 says we are settled  

00:21:06.000 --> 00:21:12.720

as Singaporeans. Philanthropy follows how I 

identify myself. How does he identify himself?  

00:21:12.720 --> 00:21:18.960

A Singaporean with Chinese heritage, right? You 

see things are changing. It's no longer Chinese,  

00:21:18.960 --> 00:21:24.600

he's a Singaporean with just Chinese 

heritage. Therefore I give to Singapore.  

00:21:24.600 --> 00:21:31.920

So that is how philanthropy was shifting. Now next 

I'm going to give you an example of this campaign.  

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To build Nanyang University was built as a 

Chinese university in Singapore in the mid-1950s,  

00:21:42.120 --> 00:21:46.560

thousands from all walks of life came and 

participated in this collective giving,  

00:21:46.560 --> 00:21:52.200

with gifts ranging from five dollars to five 

million. By the way, 5 million is actually  

00:21:52.200 --> 00:22:00.000

today's 61 million. Okay, so there was one guy. 

Khan Lapsai is his name. He put five million down  

00:22:00.000 --> 00:22:08.760

as the first biggest major gift for this exercise. 

It was a very sophisticated fundraising setup with  

00:22:08.760 --> 00:22:15.840

campaign leadership, committees, subcommittees, 

events, rallies, and peer-to-peer giving.  

00:22:15.840 --> 00:22:26.100

And the Hokkien Huay Kwan which was a dialect 

clan. The Hokkien Clan gave 550 acres of land. And  

00:22:26.100 --> 00:22:32.460

now in Singapore, it's a small country. 550 acres 

is a lot of land. So I'm going to show you some  

00:22:32.460 --> 00:22:39.180

photos from a book called A Pictorial History of 

Nantah, published by the Chinese Heritage Center  

00:22:39.180 --> 00:22:50.460

in Singapore. So here you would see that the 

Association of Trisha and Rickshaw Owners. Here  

00:22:50.460 --> 00:22:57.360

they have vowed to give up one day, two days, 

or three days of their earnings to building  

00:22:57.360 --> 00:23:03.840

this Nanyang University. They're donating to build 

something that is completely outside the family,  

00:23:03.840 --> 00:23:09.780

the clan, and everything right. And here 

you see this: obviously, he's a well-to-do  

00:23:09.780 --> 00:23:17.160

tycoon. He's taking a ride on this rickshaw and 

he gets a receipt to say that he has donated to  

00:23:17.160 --> 00:23:25.620

the Nanyang University Construction Project. So 

you pay your rickshaw driver, but your payment,  

00:23:25.620 --> 00:23:30.540

so they were paying more than it. Let's say 

it was 20 cents to take the ride. He would  

00:23:30.540 --> 00:23:35.460

have given a hundred dollars for this, right? 

That was the fundraising. That was the level of  

00:23:35.460 --> 00:23:41.520

sophistication. Now same for boat operators. 

These little boats, ferry boats, would take  

00:23:41.520 --> 00:23:46.620

people across the Singapore River or up and down 

the Singapore River, whether it was for personal  

00:23:46.620 --> 00:23:55.380

or for goods being transported up and down the 

river. And here they have vowed to donate their  

00:23:55.380 --> 00:24:00.720

earnings. Again, whether it's a day everybody 

can sign up for different levels of commitment.  

00:24:01.920 --> 00:24:06.060

Here, even the guy who sells fruits, 

the food seller, and the fruit seller,  

00:24:06.060 --> 00:24:11.040

they're all putting up signs to declare that 

they are now in this fundraising campaign.  

00:24:11.040 --> 00:24:19.380

The bar girls' small business. So this guy is 

the medical shop owner. He sells herbs and TCM  

00:24:20.520 --> 00:24:27.720

treatments. Here are the volleyball team and 

the school choir. They are all participating in  

00:24:27.720 --> 00:24:33.720

giving and philanthropy. Now, this is, as you 

can see from the tire, these are the tycoons,  

00:24:33.720 --> 00:24:41.700

this is the campaign leadership, and they 

have organized themselves. You can see this is  

00:24:48.540 --> 00:24:54.900

the Tiger Balm family you know today. Lien 

Ying Chao, all these people came together.  

00:24:55.740 --> 00:25:00.840

And here, at the very top, there is time outside 

to do the groundbreaking. Since he put down five  

00:25:00.840 --> 00:25:05.880

million, I guess he's the guy who is featured 

and they were very sophisticated. You look at  

00:25:05.880 --> 00:25:13.020

this photo, the guy in the middle. Here, he's 

obviously a Caucasian. Now in 1950, Singapore  

00:25:13.020 --> 00:25:19.620

was still a British colony so cheers, Lien Yang 

Chao and Tanak sign, they were savvy enough to  

00:25:19.620 --> 00:25:28.800

involve the colonial British colony leadership to 

let them know you are doing this campaign. We're  

00:25:28.800 --> 00:25:33.540

going to build a Chinese University. You're 

not supporting but we're doing it. All right,  

00:25:33.540 --> 00:25:39.720

here is construction is on the way. They go 

check out the construction and here's the  

00:25:39.720 --> 00:25:44.160

completion of the campaign and the completion 

of the first building of the University.  

00:25:45.420 --> 00:25:52.140

And here's the tower that celebrated the occasion. 

All right, so much about that. I want to move on  

00:25:52.140 --> 00:25:57.420

to the next part that talks about... During 

my data analysis of the data collected,  

00:25:57.420 --> 00:26:05.940

I was captured by interviewees describing an aura 

that drives their philanthropic action. It was  

00:26:05.940 --> 00:26:12.780

ancestry and here I share in verbatim two quotes 

from interviewees who were clearly associating  

00:26:12.780 --> 00:26:19.080

themselves with ancestry. So the first quote 

is actually Mrs. Lien Chao, she's still alive.  

00:26:19.920 --> 00:26:27.540

Mr. Lien has passed away and she talks about how 

they were invited by the Chinese government during  

00:26:27.540 --> 00:26:34.800

Deng Xiaoping's time, to the opening in 1978. And 

there was only one entry point in China, which is  

00:26:34.800 --> 00:26:43.500

certain they came off the trains in Sunton and she 

said huge placards with huge bold Chinese words  

00:26:43.500 --> 00:26:53.160

greeted us, "love the motherland of your birth." 

Tears streamed down the cheeks of 72-year-old  

00:26:53.160 --> 00:26:58.920

Lien Ying Chao. He cried despite not having been 

back to China, since he left when he was 14 years  

00:26:58.920 --> 00:27:07.680

old. That was almost six decades ago. These words 

right to complete into his self and all kinds of  

00:27:07.680 --> 00:27:15.960

emotions triggered the link to his ancestry and 

his foundational identity. He had a mysterious and  

00:27:15.960 --> 00:27:23.520

self-identifying commitment to China, a typical 

G1 identity that informs their worldview and  

00:27:23.520 --> 00:27:29.460

values. Now, the second incident is actually 

my personal experience. I was working with  

00:27:30.480 --> 00:27:38.220

University in Singapore here and a businessman 

came in and wanted to do two scholarships,  

00:27:38.220 --> 00:27:44.040

his donation for two scholarships to be named. 

So I asked him, "Well you're so well known, is  

00:27:44.040 --> 00:27:50.820

it to be named after yourself and your company?" 

He says "No, no, never. I name it to honor my  

00:27:50.820 --> 00:27:57.120

ancestors and my family name. One scholarship is 

for my grandfather and the other is for my father.  

00:27:57.900 --> 00:28:03.300

Perhaps my children will remember to honor me when 

the time comes for them to give back to society,  

00:28:04.200 --> 00:28:09.300

follow my footsteps in philanthropy, and 

associate themselves with the good people  

00:28:09.300 --> 00:28:19.320

in the ancestral line that came before them. So 

you see how this is a G3. He's G3 and he's still  

00:28:19.320 --> 00:28:27.960

remembering his grandfather and his father, and 

then he also notes that is the ancestral line.  

00:28:29.460 --> 00:28:34.860

Interview data also pointed to sources of 

doing good and how these were transmitted  

00:28:34.860 --> 00:28:39.780

and passed down to the next generations. 

During the interview, my question,  

00:28:39.780 --> 00:28:45.480

one of the questions that I asked everyone 

was, "How did you learn how to do philanthropy?  

00:28:46.200 --> 00:28:52.500

How did philanthropy in your family, how did it 

get from one generation, how was it transmitted?"  

00:28:53.220 --> 00:29:00.000

And I found that people were starting to tell me 

that their home experiences, the home experiences,  

00:29:00.000 --> 00:29:05.760

were so important to them. That's how they learned 

philanthropy. And when I say home experiences,  

00:29:05.760 --> 00:29:14.100

I'm talking about when they see their parents 

showing respect, kindness, honesty, compassion,  

00:29:14.100 --> 00:29:21.540

empathy, sympathy, and generosity, these were the 

little traits that they learned from their parents  

00:29:21.540 --> 00:29:28.800

that made them philanthropic when they became 

adults and became rich. When I say respect,  

00:29:28.800 --> 00:29:36.360

it means some... it's so simple. There was one 

example where this little three-year-old child was  

00:29:36.360 --> 00:29:41.940

screaming to be carried by the servant. In those 

days, you use the word servants. Okay, because  

00:29:41.940 --> 00:29:49.200

she didn't want to walk up the stairs, and the 

father, the grandfather saw that and he chided and  

00:29:49.200 --> 00:29:56.040

said put her down and let her walk up the stairs 

herself because your servant is not there to carry  

00:29:56.040 --> 00:30:03.480

you on the back and go up the stairs. Respect, 

kindness and you don't have to be rich. Some of  

00:30:03.480 --> 00:30:08.400

them remembered when their parents were actually 

not that rich during those days. And they still  

00:30:08.400 --> 00:30:15.180

give to the next-door neighbor who was worse off 

than them. And these are things that the children  

00:30:15.180 --> 00:30:20.160

learned. So that when one day, it was their turn 

to become adults, they were... Philanthropy,  

00:30:21.300 --> 00:30:28.140

rituals, traditions, religious influence, and 

cultural traditions, these all contribute to them  

00:30:28.140 --> 00:30:33.900

being the adult they will become. Some, a very 

small percentage, like one percent, talked about  

00:30:33.900 --> 00:30:40.860

their own personal morals they came from within. 

These were convictions of social justice, what is  

00:30:40.860 --> 00:30:49.680

right is right. My love for humanity. These were 

the values that I saw when they spoke about how  

00:30:49.680 --> 00:30:55.140

they learned about philanthropy. Now, although I 

have put them into three little boxes like that,  

00:30:56.100 --> 00:31:01.800

in reality, they're not okay. They were all 

over the place and everybody had a value  

00:31:01.800 --> 00:31:07.620

system and individual value system that was 

forged by blending slices of all these white  

00:31:07.620 --> 00:31:15.600

little words. Here, okay, they were all Blended 

together and everyone had more than two. Two to  

00:31:15.600 --> 00:31:25.260

four was the general amount of sources that one 

has, and to form their value system that bends  

00:31:25.260 --> 00:31:32.640

and twists with the social norms. So social norms 

are also very important. It can change someone's  

00:31:33.180 --> 00:31:42.120

way of looking at something or doing philanthropy. 

I come to almost the end here. Here is really  

00:31:42.120 --> 00:31:47.220

pulling it all together. This is the conceptual 

framework of my research that summarizes the  

00:31:47.220 --> 00:31:53.100

process and evolution of philanthropy just spoke 

enough. Starting from the left are family and  

00:31:53.100 --> 00:32:01.080

ancestry. It has four elements inside that swirl 

and simmers, then simmers over time to prepare the  

00:32:01.080 --> 00:32:08.220

foundation for philanthropy. And they are forging 

a new identity. Number one. Number two was linking  

00:32:08.220 --> 00:32:14.040

yourself with ancestry, which you saw from the 

two quotes germinating philanthropic values.  

00:32:14.040 --> 00:32:20.640

You see the last diagram. And the last was a 

philanthropic impulse that sparked because you saw  

00:32:20.640 --> 00:32:27.000

some suffering and the compassion and suffering 

met and that was how it sparks the philanthropy.  

00:32:27.000 --> 00:32:33.840

It could be something or you saw something that 

was just social injustice and that can also spark  

00:32:33.840 --> 00:32:40.920

philanthropy. So swirling and simmering, these 

elements gave rise to G1's philanthropy. Right,  

00:32:40.920 --> 00:32:47.160

you saw that just now G1 was really doing 

philanthropy for survival, for self-help  

00:32:47.160 --> 00:32:54.480

mutual aid, and loyalty to the motherland. Now G2 

is in shaping philanthropy they were starting to  

00:32:54.480 --> 00:33:02.280

give outside as nationals of the local communities 

and the Nanta fundraising was a very good example  

00:33:02.280 --> 00:33:10.560

that I just described, sustaining philanthropy is 

G3. They now realize that enriching communities  

00:33:11.340 --> 00:33:18.420

where they are is good and actually 

has mutual benefits. And as G4, G5,  

00:33:18.420 --> 00:33:24.780

G6, and after they go through this loop that 

is in green arrows, they go back and forth  

00:33:25.740 --> 00:33:33.120

shaping philanthropy by retooling and staying 

relevant. Right, they keep reshaping and shaping  

00:33:33.120 --> 00:33:42.060

and reshaping and sustaining philanthropy, but 

they do it with an ear to how many to harmony  

00:33:42.060 --> 00:33:48.780

and balance with the family and ancestry that 

was the original core values. Even as younger  

00:33:48.780 --> 00:33:55.440

generations adopt Western giving techniques like 

family, office foundations governance measuring  

00:33:55.440 --> 00:34:02.640

impact, and ROI, they still think about the core 

values. Now, I'll give you an example. The Tanoto  

00:34:02.640 --> 00:34:09.480

foundation and I share this quote from one of the 

members, the family members of the foundation. She  

00:34:09.480 --> 00:34:18.360

says there are five values that we have distilled 

as our family values inspired by Confucian values.  

00:34:19.020 --> 00:34:36.060

Number one is filial piety. Number two harmony. 

Number three is diligence. Number four, Tien. This  

00:34:36.060 --> 00:34:47.940

is frugal, gratitude, kindness, and benevolence. 

The last virtue you can earn is very much what  

00:34:47.940 --> 00:34:53.100

drives our philanthropy at the Theological 

Foundation. We are grateful for all that has  

00:34:53.100 --> 00:35:00.300

come our way. We share through philanthropy, as 

a family, a glue that holds the family together.

00:35:02.340 --> 00:35:08.520

Instead of self-actualization, which is 

personified as personal legacy in the west,  

00:35:08.520 --> 00:35:16.500

it is actually ancestral actualization for Chinese 

diaspora philanthropy. Where the psyche is,  

00:35:17.160 --> 00:35:24.360

I'm a part of this forever chain of ancestral 

DNA. My philanthropic purpose is fulfilled  

00:35:24.360 --> 00:35:32.040

when it serves the honor of my ancestry. 

And if you are still asking the question:  

00:35:32.040 --> 00:35:39.660

What is the spirit of Chinese or what is the 

essence of Chinese diaspora philanthropy? I show  

00:35:39.660 --> 00:35:47.040

you this diagram. It explains it in kind of a very 

quick way. Starts with the family, it goes out  

00:35:47.040 --> 00:35:54.480

right here. The clan dialect group, the village, 

the country, and the world globally. With that,  

00:35:54.480 --> 00:36:00.720

I stop and pause here for questions. I'd like 

to hear from you so we can chat and discuss.

00:36:03.240 --> 00:36:14.640

Wow, thank you so much, Marina. This is a very 

touching movie and also analytically very rich  

00:36:14.640 --> 00:36:25.860

talk and you trace the history back to more than 

200 years of the Chinese diasporic community and  

00:36:25.860 --> 00:36:36.540

also their giving tradition. And also, it's 

very personally touching to me because I was  

00:36:36.540 --> 00:36:44.940

in Singapore and I worked there and I used to 

be directing the Chinese Heritage Center. So  

00:36:44.940 --> 00:36:53.520

your example of Nanyang University, the Chinese 

University is like oh my God this is something  

00:36:53.520 --> 00:37:00.840

that I learned from Singapore. And I would 

like to kind of continue to have that story  

00:37:00.840 --> 00:37:09.780

told to the North American audience as well 

as the Asian, Chinese, or East Asian audience.  

00:37:10.740 --> 00:37:19.860

So yeah, this is great. Now, before I go on to 

the questions, I would like to um promote one  

00:37:19.860 --> 00:37:28.980

of the special issues that I guest-edited in 

which Dr. Tan Harper has a wonderful paper on  

00:37:28.980 --> 00:37:36.180

the topic. In that special issue, so that special 

issue is on promoting research on global Chinese  

00:37:36.180 --> 00:37:44.940

philanthropy that includes six wonderful papers. 

So if any of you are interested in the special  

00:37:44.940 --> 00:37:53.640

issue or in any of the papers send me an email and 

I'll be happy to send you a copy of the papers.  

00:37:55.200 --> 00:38:04.320

So that special issue was published in 

China Non-profit Review, a journal that is  

00:38:05.520 --> 00:38:12.540

published in English by The Institute of 

Philanthropy at Tsinghua University China.

00:38:16.440 --> 00:38:28.740

Now, questions. So we have quite a few questions 

in the chat but I have kind of a burning question  

00:38:28.740 --> 00:38:40.800

for us. So your question, your category of 

the G1/G2, and also your analytical framework,  

00:38:40.800 --> 00:38:47.580

the theoretical framework, so to speak, that 

you summarize at the end of your talk is very  

00:38:47.580 --> 00:38:56.400

compelling and also very insightful in 

shedding light on future research. Now,  

00:38:56.400 --> 00:39:02.700

when you are thinking about the first generation 

and then the second generation philanthropy,  

00:39:04.860 --> 00:39:10.740

how would we... Because we are thinking of a 

training program now and our program is really  

00:39:10.740 --> 00:39:16.200

targeted at young people and nurtures their 

young minds. So what do you think we should  

00:39:17.700 --> 00:39:25.620

do to stimulate the interest and to foster 

the passion of giving back to their community,  

00:39:25.620 --> 00:39:34.680

both local and global community, and then drawing 

on the tradition of global Chinese philanthropy.

00:39:36.780 --> 00:39:43.920

Okay so we're talking about modern people, 

right? Yeah, modern people and also a lot of  

00:39:43.920 --> 00:39:51.540

young people may not be from rich families. They 

may not be from a family that has a very visible  

00:39:51.540 --> 00:40:00.480

pattern of giving, right, but philanthropy 

is everybody's right. It's for everybody and  

00:40:00.480 --> 00:40:08.160

anybody could participate, even if you don't 

have money. With passion, you could do it, so  

00:40:08.160 --> 00:40:14.580

I go back to just now, I had a slide where I say 

sources where I asked the question, "How did you  

00:40:14.580 --> 00:40:22.440

learn philanthropy," right? And it was... I never 

guessed that the answer would be like that but  

00:40:22.440 --> 00:40:30.420

this is what the data is telling.That philanthropy 

starts from home. It is something that you don't  

00:40:30.420 --> 00:40:36.240

go and take a class and immediately suddenly learn 

and became philanthropic. They saw what their  

00:40:36.240 --> 00:40:42.840

parents were doing at home and it doesn't have to 

be give money. We're talking about kindness. If  

00:40:42.840 --> 00:40:49.980

you see kindness, that is philanthropy. If you 

walk around showing kindness, being honest is  

00:40:49.980 --> 00:40:58.560

also philanthropy because when you show compassion 

and empathy and generous generosity of your time,  

00:40:58.560 --> 00:41:06.720

respect when you show respect to someone, that 

actually is the starting point of philanthropy. So  

00:41:06.720 --> 00:41:16.500

I think if we talk about something that is larger 

than yourself, the greater good, I think there's  

00:41:16.500 --> 00:41:23.280

a Center for Greater Good at UC Berkeley. 

Nurturing gratitude is also philanthropy.  

00:41:24.240 --> 00:41:28.380

So you don't have to always give money, that's 

philanthropy, but of course, in today's world,  

00:41:28.380 --> 00:41:34.500

we measure it by how much you raise. And we 

call that philanthropy, but in the true sense,  

00:41:34.500 --> 00:41:40.920

philanthropy is the love for humanity, the love 

for another person's love for something that's  

00:41:40.920 --> 00:41:48.480

greater than yourself.Those are intrinsic, I 

would say, building blocks of philanthropy,  

00:41:49.740 --> 00:41:55.800

and convictions of social justice. If something is 

right, if that person is being bullied, I got to  

00:41:55.800 --> 00:42:01.560

do something about it. That is social justice. 

That is because you love the other person.  

00:42:01.560 --> 00:42:07.500

That is, you don't even know who that person 

is, right, but you saw that person suffering  

00:42:07.500 --> 00:42:15.600

and your compassion is activated. That is already 

philanthropy. So a reaction to positively save  

00:42:15.600 --> 00:42:21.540

someone from suffering, is like something like 

disaster relief, right. You don't even know who  

00:42:21.540 --> 00:42:27.360

those fellows are, but they're suffering. I'm 

reaching out with my hands that is an act of  

00:42:27.360 --> 00:42:33.720

philanthropy, and we should in our daily lives, 

praise that, encourage that, and reinforce that.  

00:42:33.720 --> 00:42:40.380

And then when the time comes, the time comes means 

I'm kind of rich and have got a lot of dispensable  

00:42:40.380 --> 00:42:47.940

income. It will be quite natural that I already 

have built up. This capability and capacity to  

00:42:47.940 --> 00:42:54.900

give of myself and the money will come out. Money 

is the next level of reaching out. You know,  

00:42:54.900 --> 00:43:03.660

like that, thank you so much, I love your life, 

you know. Philanthropy means love for humanity.

00:43:03.660 --> 00:43:12.540

Yeah, it's so true. Now, I have a lot of other 

questions but I want to give the audience a chance  

00:43:12.540 --> 00:43:22.500

to ask questions. So there is a question on the 

Q&A box by Professor Chun Ho Yao. Professor Yao  

00:43:22.500 --> 00:43:31.380

is the director of the Chinese Heritage Center 

at NTU and one of our Institutional Partners.  

00:43:32.580 --> 00:43:38.820

Professor Yao, thank you so much for 

participating. And so his question, I read  

00:43:38.820 --> 00:43:47.160

out from the chat from the Q&A box. Thanks for 

your fascinating historical account of diasporic  

00:43:47.160 --> 00:43:55.140

Chinese philanthropy. Could you elaborate more 

on how it has evolved into contemporary ERA  

00:43:55.140 --> 00:44:02.880

with more indictment non-family-based and 

enterprise-based philanthropy projects?

 

00:44:02.880 --> 00:44:13.140

Thank you. Okay, so just now I started to talk 

about Tanoto Foundation a little bit, right? So  

00:44:13.140 --> 00:44:20.460

the evolution is Mr. Tanoto actually was one of 

the candidates who was going to come to Nanta.  

00:44:20.460 --> 00:44:27.900

He's probably in his 70s going on 80s. Now, he 

never made it to Nanta but he is one of these G1s  

00:44:28.440 --> 00:44:37.440

who like loves China in the motherland and is full 

of Confucian values. So when he made money and now  

00:44:37.440 --> 00:44:43.680

it's his children and his maybe even grandchildren 

who are starting to take care of the Tanoto  

00:44:43.680 --> 00:44:51.660

foundation, and they still, of course, now are 

very modern. They have family offices, and they  

00:44:51.660 --> 00:44:59.520

hire UBS, and all these big banks to help them 

to charter their modern techniques of how you  

00:44:59.520 --> 00:45:06.660

distribute money, giving money is not a simple 

thing. Okay, it's a lot of hard work, and how to  

00:45:06.660 --> 00:45:12.000

do the research to find out what are the needs in 

Indonesia, what are the needs in Southeast Asia,  

00:45:12.000 --> 00:45:17.160

where I give, and how I make the greatest impact, 

all this has to be researched and compiled. And  

00:45:17.160 --> 00:45:22.560

the family comes together and of course, they 

fight and quarrel because everybody wants to do  

00:45:22.560 --> 00:45:28.920

a different thing, right, but the basis of their 

thinking goes back to the values of family and  

00:45:28.920 --> 00:45:37.560

ancestry and this is what I shared just now. So 

the next generation or the next generations as  

00:45:37.560 --> 00:45:43.920

they evolve, it doesn't matter what technique 

you're using and what modern vehicles. Now,  

00:45:43.920 --> 00:45:48.840

you've got impact investing and all kinds 

of even cryptocurrencies all coming in,  

00:45:48.840 --> 00:45:55.080

but the base thing is: Every year when they 

come together, they talk about five values  

00:45:55.080 --> 00:46:01.200

that are our family values and all of us in the 

family must agree. And what are the five values?  

00:46:01.200 --> 00:46:07.500

And these come from Confucian values despite 

the fact that they are in the 21st century in  

00:46:07.500 --> 00:46:14.280

the midst of all these new techniques of 

philanthropy. Filial piety, they'll still  

00:46:14.940 --> 00:46:26.820

have distilled that. This is one of the values 

of my family. Harmony, okay. Diligence, right?

00:46:26.820 --> 00:46:33.000

Okay, don't forget when you're rich, 

you still have to think frugally. Okay,  

00:46:33.000 --> 00:46:40.620

because that is how you started, by being frugal. 

That's how you got to this level of wealth and  

00:46:40.620 --> 00:46:48.660

the last part is the most important part of 

philanthropy. Because no matter how rich you got,  

00:46:48.660 --> 00:46:55.560

a big foundation, everything you still got 

to be grateful, kind, and benevolent. Because  

00:46:56.220 --> 00:47:04.860

that was how all this wealth came your way, right. 

So how do you as a family now distribute this  

00:47:04.860 --> 00:47:11.400

money to people that are outside of the family? 

I think it starts with going back to some values.  

00:47:12.420 --> 00:47:16.980

If you're Chinese, probably you use these Chinese 

values, but if you're Indian you probably have  

00:47:16.980 --> 00:47:26.460

some Indian values from the traditions. Also, I 

think the evolution, just now the question was the  

00:47:26.460 --> 00:47:32.220

evolution, right, from the Chinese diaspora. 

How do you get to the modern part? I think  

00:47:32.220 --> 00:47:40.140

you go back to the basics. Of remembering the 

basics, even as basic as honesty, and kindness,  

00:47:41.520 --> 00:47:48.360

then you would be guided in the right 

direction of doing philanthropy.

00:47:49.080 --> 00:47:56.640

Yeah, thank you actually your answer touched 

upon the questions that the next two questions.  

00:47:56.640 --> 00:48:06.600

So one question is like do the giving traditions 

involve whole families and generations of them  

00:48:06.600 --> 00:48:15.780

from G1 to G3 like a continuum. Or do the focuses 

of philanthropy change from one generation to the  

00:48:15.780 --> 00:48:22.740

next? So that's the next question, okay, but you 

already touched upon some of them. Yeah, now here  

00:48:22.740 --> 00:48:29.580

I wonder actually this question caused me to think 

about this diagram here that I'm sharing. Now,  

00:48:29.580 --> 00:48:36.780

I didn't show this in my talk just now, but this 

was part of my... Uh oops, how do you go back?  

00:48:38.040 --> 00:48:42.780

Let me see yeah so I'm gonna do 

it from the current screen. Yeah,  

00:48:42.780 --> 00:48:49.080

all right here you go now. You see this big 

diagram of mine? It's actually Chineseness,  

00:48:49.080 --> 00:48:56.400

right? Confucianism is like Chineseness. Oh 

whoops, oh God, okay let's go back to this  

00:48:56.400 --> 00:49:04.620

one. All right, and I want to go to current 

slide mode. Yeah okay, so you would see that  

00:49:06.000 --> 00:49:12.720

even among the Chinese diaspora, you got the G1, 

G2, G3, G4, and G5, they're not all the same,  

00:49:12.720 --> 00:49:18.000

okay? Because there is now a continuum 

of Chineseness, a continuum of Confucian,  

00:49:18.000 --> 00:49:24.480

you cannot say the G1 is the same as the 

G5 Confucian. his level of Confucianism is  

00:49:24.480 --> 00:49:30.540

different. G1 came from China. These were the 

guys who had an attachment to the motherland  

00:49:30.540 --> 00:49:40.920

and then G tier 2 is born in Southeast Asia 

already, but he lived with G1. So he has a  

00:49:40.920 --> 00:49:47.100

very close connection to G1 because every day he's 

living with him he can see how he practices his  

00:49:47.100 --> 00:49:54.180

Confucian values by the time G3 is also born. 

Locally, he only knows G1 as a grandfather  

00:49:54.960 --> 00:50:02.340

and at the same time, even if they have festivals 

and stuff at home, he is now affected by other  

00:50:02.340 --> 00:50:12.120

religions. He might already be a Christian, for 

example, or he might have taken up a new secular  

00:50:14.880 --> 00:50:22.320

trait. So as they go further and further. 

Now, G4 is even further because he would  

00:50:22.320 --> 00:50:27.600

have never seen his grandfather, right, and 

then the closest guy is not somebody from  

00:50:27.600 --> 00:50:34.980

China. By the time G5, these parts are gone so 

they're becoming more and more secular, right.  

00:50:35.880 --> 00:50:42.420

So maybe that's why, just now, I shared the 

code with you. The fellow says I'm a Singaporean  

00:50:43.080 --> 00:50:50.160

with a Chinese Heritage, right. He's no longer 

Chinese, he's a Singaporean or we are Americans  

00:50:50.160 --> 00:50:55.500

with only a little bit, a tinge, like a little 

salt and pepper of Chinese Heritage. Now,  

00:50:55.500 --> 00:51:00.540

how much salt and how much pepper? It 

depends on also the family's upbringing,  

00:51:00.540 --> 00:51:05.700

whether the family is very strict Confucianism 

or it's very Westernized. Some families are  

00:51:05.700 --> 00:51:12.000

so Westernized. They can't even write the 

Chinese names right. So that is a continuum,  

00:51:12.000 --> 00:51:18.540

a very wide continuum of Chineseness of 

what is Confucianism inside a Chinese.

00:51:19.980 --> 00:51:26.220

Thank you, thank you so much. Now, you 

already shed light on the Chineseness of  

00:51:26.220 --> 00:51:31.080

Chinese philanthropy so the next question 

is: Is Chinese philanthropy special  

00:51:31.980 --> 00:51:36.240

and different from philanthropy 

in a community among other groups?

00:51:36.240 --> 00:51:43.500

Now, that actually is a very good question 

just now. When you talk about Chinese,  

00:51:44.820 --> 00:51:51.660

global Chinese, or overseas Chinese philanthropy, 

you emphasize the family values like these five  

00:51:51.660 --> 00:52:02.280

values that are very Confucianism based and very 

Chinese. Now, what about other groups who don't  

00:52:02.280 --> 00:52:11.700

have Confucianism? So what would be the love for 

humanity would be common, right? But what would be  

00:52:13.380 --> 00:52:20.820

distinct about Chinese philanthropy vis-a-vis 

other ethnic groups' philanthropy? Yeah,  

00:52:20.820 --> 00:52:27.660

I can say that because I'm in the profession of 

fundraising, so I do see a lot of donors, whether  

00:52:27.660 --> 00:52:36.060

they are Chinese or not, I find that every human 

actually doesn't have to be Chinese or if you just  

00:52:36.060 --> 00:52:44.700

say generic human, every human, has the capacity 

to feel compassion whether... So it starts with  

00:52:44.700 --> 00:52:49.200

compassion, because don't even talk about the 

money part because the money part is when you have  

00:52:49.200 --> 00:52:54.000

money in your fingers but before you have money 

in your fingers you must already be compassionate  

00:52:54.000 --> 00:52:59.940

and want to help someone else. Or else no use 

having all the money in your hands because if  

00:52:59.940 --> 00:53:08.100

you cannot feel the compassion and the desire and 

the compelling thing to help another person, even  

00:53:08.100 --> 00:53:14.520

if you have a lot of money, you probably don't 

give. No, so I think away from all these Chinese  

00:53:14.520 --> 00:53:21.300

and whatever nationality kind of thing, the most 

important thing is, I think, to have the ability,  

00:53:21.300 --> 00:53:29.640

capability to feel empathy, compassion, kindness, 

all that stuff must come in first and then you  

00:53:29.640 --> 00:53:36.960

layer it upon whether you're Chinese or Indian, 

all cultures have their own Traditions that cause  

00:53:36.960 --> 00:53:45.240

you to give. For the Chinese, I think the most, to 

me, the most special thing is this filial thing.  

00:53:46.620 --> 00:53:51.780

That it's sometimes very hard to explain when 

you say "xiaoshun" what does it really mean?  

00:53:51.780 --> 00:53:58.260

What I mean you can do a dissertation on 

failure, it is such a special character.  

00:53:59.400 --> 00:54:06.300

Things like benevolence, and gratitude, a 

lot of cultures have, but this filial thing,  

00:54:06.840 --> 00:54:15.300

it's quite extraordinary. Yeah, yeah, 

and also it depends on the context,  

00:54:15.300 --> 00:54:21.840

right? In different national or cultural 

contexts, one value could get activated or  

00:54:21.840 --> 00:54:29.340

promoted uh whereas other values may not be as 

promoted. Now in the interest of time, I would  

00:54:29.340 --> 00:54:37.980

like to have Christopher Chung's question as our 

last question, which is a very good question.

00:54:37.980 --> 00:54:42.360

Thank you for the excellent 

talk. I would like to ask,  

00:54:42.360 --> 00:54:50.100

is there a future for post-G1 Homeland 

philanthropy directed to Mainland China,  

00:54:50.100 --> 00:54:59.280

and if so how and what? I asked this as China 

is now much richer and according to your talk,  

00:54:59.280 --> 00:55:08.640

G2 is directed outside China so I think that 

is a very good question when China is richer,  

00:55:08.640 --> 00:55:18.840

what is the overseas Chinese philanthropy you know 

giving to their Hometown giving to China about?

00:55:22.740 --> 00:55:29.520

In any country, whether it is China, or even how 

rich you are, you always talk about young people  

00:55:29.520 --> 00:55:35.940

who are getting richer and richer and richer, 

but there are always pockets of people suffering  

00:55:36.600 --> 00:55:43.920

even in Rich China. Today, there are if you want 

to go and look at it and seriously go understand,  

00:55:43.920 --> 00:55:50.700

there are still poor people, and there are 

still people suffering from all kinds of levels.  

00:55:51.600 --> 00:56:01.500

Whether it's social injustice, lack of money, 

or food nutrition, there are areas to give in  

00:56:01.500 --> 00:56:08.040

a rich country even in America, right. 

So rich America, but there are people  

00:56:09.000 --> 00:56:16.140

who don't have food security, don't have homes, 

homelessness is rampant right, so I think  

00:56:17.040 --> 00:56:23.880

if you could bring out those points about China, 

in rich China where are the pockets that are  

00:56:24.780 --> 00:56:30.240

still needing help and that's 

what philanthropy is about. And  

00:56:31.380 --> 00:56:38.640

elevating the suffering of people every 

day, the whole life's entire family,  

00:56:38.640 --> 00:56:46.020

or whatever is philanthropy find those 

areas to talk about in China today.

00:56:47.700 --> 00:56:58.020

Well, excellent. With that, I thank you so 

much for your fascinating talk. And thank you,  

00:56:58.020 --> 00:57:05.100

everybody, in the audience for participating in 

today's event. And today's event is organizing  

00:57:05.100 --> 00:57:12.960

is organized by the Asia Pacific Center and 

it's funded by the Cyrus Tank foundation for  

00:57:12.960 --> 00:57:22.020

that we are very grateful for the support of 

the foundation. And then talking about Global  

00:57:22.020 --> 00:57:28.080

Chinese Philanthropy, the Cyrus Tank Foundation 

is part of the Global Chinese Philanthropy,  

00:57:29.100 --> 00:57:36.180

that's kind of our ecosystem. And our 

Center organizes a range of public  

00:57:36.180 --> 00:57:41.760

events, workshops, and International 

conferences and this month we will have  

00:57:43.260 --> 00:57:51.720

another event that is a Taiwan in the World 

event on November 30th. So I hope you would  

00:57:52.620 --> 00:58:01.260

zoom in for our November 30th event and which 

talks about Taiwan's democracy and election.  

00:58:03.600 --> 00:58:11.880

I would like you to join me to thank Marina 

Tan Harper for her excellent talk. And then  

00:58:11.880 --> 00:58:19.620

I would also like to thank our Center's 

Deputy Director Mr. Aaron Miller and our  

00:58:19.620 --> 00:58:25.680

graduate student assistant Lina Wang, and 

our undergraduate student assistant Lillian  

00:58:25.680 --> 00:58:31.980

Shen for their hard work and support behind 

the scene. And thank you so much for coming!  

00:58:33.540 --> 00:58:39.000

Good evening and good morning. Thank you, bye.


Published: Tuesday, February 7, 2023